Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912;
People's Republic established 1 October 1949)

Christmas Island:
none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
none (territory of Australia)

Colombia:
20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros:
6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the:
15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands:
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire:
7 August (1960) (from France)

Croatia:
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba:
20 May 1902 (from US)

Cyprus:
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriot area
proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975

Czech Republic:
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark:
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti:
27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica:
3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic:
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

Ecuador:
24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt:
28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador:
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea:
12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea:
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia:
6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia:
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands:
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji:
10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland:
6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France:
486 (unified by Clovis)

French Guiana:
none (overseas department of France)

French Polynesia:
none (overseas territory of France)

Gabon:
17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The:
18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia:
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany:
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May