ced to
a small extent, I believe, especially in New England. But
the schools which are supposed to be intended for the mass
of the people, and which are supplied at the public cost,
have made next to no provision for the practiced training of
boys and girls to become self-supporting men and
women--wealth-producing citizens; while the whole curriculum
of the school-system tends to a disproportionate
intellectuality, and to an alienation from all manual labor.
* * *

The necessity of the State's entering the educational field
is disputed by no one; but if it is to educate children at
the public cost it is bound, I think, to so educate its
wards that they shall return to society the taxation imposed
for their education. Its justification in becoming
school-master lies in the necessity of making out of the raw
material of life citizens who shall be productive factors in
the national wealth and conservators of its order. If,
therefore, it is justified in teaching the elementary
branches of education, if it is justified in adding to those
elementary branches departments that may be considered in
the nature of luxuries, how much more is it justified in
training the powers by which self-support shall be won and
wealth shall be added to society! * * *

That such efforts to encourage industrial education would
pay our Government is best seen in the example of England.
The International Exhibition of 1851 revealed to England its
complete inferiority to several continental countries in
art-industries, and the cause of that inferiority in the
absence of skilled workmen. The Government at once began to
study the problem, and out of this study arose the
Kensington Museum, with its art-schools, and similar
institutions throughout the country, which have already made
quick and gratifying returns in the improvement of the
national art-industries, and in the vast enrichment of the
trade growing therefrom.

Concerning the uninterestedness of labor and its too common
lack of any identification with capital, we must also look
beyond labor itself to find the full responsibility of this
evil.

The whole condition of industrial labor has changed in our
century. Contrast the state of such labor a century ago with
what it is now. T