ec. 3. Treason, definition, procedure.

ARTICLE IV.--_The States_.

Sec. 1. Mutual credit of official papers.

Sec. 2. Inter-state relations.

Sec. 3. New states and territories.

Sec. 4. Republican form of government guaranteed.

ARTICLE V.--_Mode of Amending the Constitution_

ARTICLE VI.--_Miscellaneous_

ARTICLE VII.--_Ratification_

AMENDMENTS.

1-10. Personal rights guaranteed.

11. Limitation on Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts.

12. Mode of electing the president and vice-president.

13-15. Fruits of the Civil War.

[Illustration: PRINCIPAL STORY (For Key see back of page.)]

[Illustration: THE PRINCIPAL STORY OF THE CAPITOL.]

CHAPTER XX.

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

THE ENACTING CLAUSE [1] OR PREAMBLE.

_We, the people of the United States,[2] in order to form a more perfect
union,[3] establish justice,[4] insure domestic tranquillity,[5] provide
for the common defense,[6] promote the general welfare,[7] and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity,[8] do ordain and
establish this constitution for the United States of America._

[1] The preamble or enacting clause is very important, because it states
the purposes for which the constitution was framed, and is, therefore, a
valuable aid in interpreting its provisions.

[2] These words are important, because: First, they recognize the people
as the source of power. Second, they show that the constitution is
different in nature from the articles of confederation. The latter was a
compact between states, adopted by state legislatures acting for the
states as such; the former was "ordained and established" by "the people
of the United States," _one_ people, acting as a unit. And the expression,
which was inserted in the preamble after due deliberation, is, therefore,
an argument in favor of the proposition that this is a _nation_ and not a
mere confederacy.

[3] "More perfect" than under the articles of confederation, in which the
states were declared sovereign and independent. The sovereignty is given
by the constitution to the general government, which is clothed with ample
power to maintain its independence. At the same time such limitations are
placed upon its power as will prevent its becoming despotic.

[4] To establish justice is one of the primary purposes of government.
Under the articles of confederation there had been no national judiciary,
and state courts often discriminated aga