, or the emoluments whereof
shall have been increased during such time;[1] and no person holding any
office under the United States shall be a member of either house during
his continuance in office.[2]_

[1] The obvious purpose of this provision is to remove from members of
congress the temptation to create offices with large salaries for their
own benefit, or to increase for a similar reason the salaries of offices
already existing. It was designed also to secure congress from undue
influence on the part of the president.

The wisdom of the provision has, however, been seriously questioned. "As
there is a degree of depravity in mankind, which requires a certain degree
of circumspection and distrust, so there are other qualities in human
nature, which justify a certain portion of esteem and confidence.
Republican government presupposes the existence of these qualities in a
higher form, than any other. It might well be deemed harsh to disqualify
an individual from any office, clearly required by the exigencies of the
country, simply because he had done his duty.... The chances of receiving
an appointment to a new office are not so many, or so enticing, as to
bewilder many minds; and if they are, the aberrations from duty are so
easily traced, that they rarely, if ever, escape the public reproaches.
And if influence is to be exerted by the executive, for improper purposes,
it will be quite as easy, and its operation less seen, and less suspected,
to give the stipulated patronage in another form." [Footnote: Judge
Story.]

[2] This was to obviate state jealousy, to allay the fears entertained by
some that the general government would obtain undue influence in the
national councils.

TABULAR VIEW.

Each pupil may make out a tabulation, giving briefly the facts called for
in this outline:

I. CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS, HOW REGULATED.
II. SESSIONS OF CONGRESS--
1. Frequency.
2. Time of beginning.
III. POWERS AND DUTIES OF EACH HOUSE--
1. Membership.
2. Quorum.
3. Discipline.
4. Publicity.
5. Adjournment.
IV. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS--
1. Privileges.
2. Restrictions.

_Debate._

Resolved, That members of the cabinet should have seats in congress _ex
officio._

_Pertinent Questions._

Why not leave the power to regulate congressional elections unreservedly
with the states? Where are the United States senators from this state
elected?

How are United States sen