avy and judicial statistics. 233
Prison statistics. Brigandage. The brigands' superstition. 235
A chase for brigands. The _anting-anting_. Pirates. 237
The notorious Tancad. Dilatory justice. A _cause celebre_. 239
Spanish-Philippine Criminal Law procedure. 241

_Chapter_ XV

_Trade of the Islands from Early Times_

Its early history. Its State galleons. 243
The _Consulado_ merchants. The Mexican subsidy. 244
In the days of the Mexican galleons. The _Obras Pias_. 245
Losses of the treasure-laden galleons. Trade difficulties. 246
The period of restrictions on trade. Prohibitory decrees. 248
The Manila merchants alarmed; appeal to the King. 249
Penalties on free-traders. Trading friars. The budget for
1757. 250
Decline of trade. Spanish trading-company failures. 252
The _Real Compania de Filipinas_; its privileges and
failure. 253
The dawn of free trade. Foreign traders admitted. 254
Manila port, unrestrictedly open to foreigners (1834),
becomes known to the world. 256
Pioneers of foreign trade. Foreign and Philippine banks. 257
The Spanish-Philippine currency. Mexican-dollar smuggling. 259
Ports of Zamboanga, Yloilo, Cebu, and Sual opened to foreign
trade. 261
Mail service. Carrying-trade. Middlemen. Native industries. 263
The first Philippine Railway. Telegraph service. Seclusion
of the Colony. 265

_Chapter_ XVI

_Agriculture_

Interest on loans to farmers. Land values and tenure in Luzon
Island. 269
Sugar-cane lands and cultivation. Land-measures. 271
Process of sugar-extraction. Labour conditions on
sugar-estates. 273
Sugar statistics. World's production of cane and beet
sugar. 275
Rice. Rice-measure. Rice machinery; husking; pearling;
statistics. 276
Macan and Paga rice. Rice planting and trading. 278

_Chapter_ XVII

_Manila Hemp--Coffee--Tobacco_

_Musa textilis_. Extraction and uses of the
fibre. Machinery. 281
Hemp experiments in British India. Cultivation. Qualities. 283
Labour difficulties. Statistics. Albay province (local)
land-measure. 286
Coffee. Coffee dealing and cultivation. 289
Tobacco. The Government Tobacco Monopoly. 292
Tobacco-growing by compulsory labour. Condition of the
growers. 294
Tobacco Monopoly abolished. Free trade in tobacco. 296
Tobacco-trading risks; qualities; dis