ds held by the
_archdeacon_.

[548:1] "Presbyteri et Diaconi, non ut majorem, sed ut ministrum Christi
te observent."

[549:1] That, in the time of Marcion, there were Roman presbyters who
had been disciples of the apostles, see Tillemont, "Memoires," tom. ii.
sec. par. p. 215. Edit. Brussels, 1695.

[550:1] "Presbyteri illi qui ab apostolis educati usque ad nos
pervenerunt, cum quibus simul verbum fidei partiti sumus, a Domino
vocati in cubilibus aeternis clausi tenentur."

[550:2] Pearson ("Vindiciae," par. ii. c. 13) has appealed to a letter
from the Emperor Hadrian to the Consul Servianus as a proof that the
terms _bishop_ and _presbyter_ had distinctive meanings as early as A.D.
134. The passage is as follows:--"Illi qui Serapim colunt, Christiani
sunt; et devoti sunt Serapi, qui se Christi episcopos dicunt. Nemo illic
Archisynagogus Judaeorum, nemo Samarites, nemo Christianorum
Presbyter.... Ipse ille Patriarcha, quum Aegyptum venerit, ab aliis
Serapidem adorare, ab aliis cogitur Christum." Such a testimony only
shews that Pearson was sadly in want of evidence. This same letter has
in fact often been adduced to prove that the terms bishop and presbyter
were still used interchangeably, and such is certainly the more
legitimate inference. See Lardner's remarks on this letter, Works, vol.
vii. p. 99. Edit. London, 1838.

[550:3] "The Philippians appear to have continued to live under the same
aristocratic constitution (of venerable elders) _about the middle of the
second century_, when Polycarp addressed his Epistle to
them."--_Bunsen's Hippolytus_, i. 369.

[551:1] [Greek: proestos], Opera, pp. 97-99.

[551:2] "Episcopi, _id est, praesides ecclesiarum_."--Lib. iii. simil.
ix. c. 27. There is a parallel passage to this in Tertullian, "De
Baptismo," c. 17--"Summus sacerdos, _qui est episcopus_." This is,
perhaps, the first instance on record in which a bishop is called the
chief priest. Hence the necessity of the interpretation--"qui est
episcopus." Pastor considered an explanation of the title "episcopus"
equally necessary.

[551:3] Neander supposes this work to have been written A.D. 156.
"General History," ii. 443.

[551:4] See Period II. sec. ii. chap. i. p. 368.

[552:1] So high indeed is its authority that many facts taken from it
are recorded in the "Breviary." Even Bunsen appeals to it. See "Analecta
Antenicaena," iii. 52, 53.

[552:2] Binius makes the following abortive attempt to explain the