ardeo, and Sarghalan unite with the Kokcha,
and was apparently termed _Jauzgun_. This was probably the city called
Badakhshan by our traveller.[2] As far as I can estimate, by the help of
Wood and the map I have compiled, this will be from 100 to 110 miles
distant from Talikan, and will therefore suit fairly with the six marches
that Marco lays down.

Wood, in 1838, found the whole country between Talikan and Faizabad nearly
as depopulated as Marco found that between Kishm and Badakhshan. The
modern depopulation was due--in part, at least--to the recent oppressions
and _razzias_ of the Uzbeks of Kunduz. On their decline, between 1840 and
1850, the family of the native Mirs was reinstated, and these now rule at
Faizabad, under an acknowledgment, since 1859, of Afghan supremacy.

[1] Since published in _J. K. G. S._ vol. xlii.

[2] Wilford, in the end of the 18th century, speaks of Faizabad as "the
new capital of Badakhshan, built near the site of the old one." The
Chinese map (vide _J. R. G. S._ vol. xlii.) represents the city of
_Badakhshan_ to the east of Faizabad. Faiz Bakhsh, in an unpublished
paper, mentions a tradition that the Lady Zobeidah, dear to English
children, the daughter of Al-Mansur and wife of Ar-Rashid, delighted
to pass the spring at Jauzgun, and built a palace there, "the ruins of
which are still visible."

CHAPTER XXIX.

OF THE PROVINCE OF BADASHAN.

Badashan is a Province inhabited by people who worship Mahommet, and have
a peculiar language. It forms a very great kingdom, and the royalty is
hereditary. All those of the royal blood are descended from King Alexander
and the daughter of King Darius, who was Lord of the vast Empire of
Persia. And all these kings call themselves in the Saracen tongue
ZULCARNIAIN, which is as much as to say _Alexander_; and this out of
regard for Alexander the Great.[NOTE 1]

It is in this province that those fine and valuable gems the Balas Rubies
are found. They are got in certain rocks among the mountains, and in the
search for them the people dig great caves underground, just as is done by
miners for silver. There is but one special mountain that produces them,
and it is called SYGHINAN. The stones are dug on the king's account, and
no one else dares dig in that mountain on pain of forfeiture of life as
well as goods; nor may any one carry the stones out of the kingdom. But
the king amasses them all, and sends them to oth