rosperity. We have grown in numbers, wealth and power as no other
nation has ever grown; but we have forgotten God. We have forgotten the
gracious hand which preserved us in peace, and multiplied and enriched
and strengthened us; and we have vainly imagined, in the deceitfulness
of our hearts, that all these blessings were produced by some superior
wisdom and virtue of our own. Intoxicated with unbroken success, we
have become too self-sufficient to feel the necessity of redeeming and
preserving grace, too proud to pray to God that made us:

"It behooves us then to humble ourselves before the offended Power, to
confess our national sins, and to pray for clemency and forgiveness.

"All this being done in sincerity and truth, let us then rest humbly in
the hope authorized by the divine teachings, that the united cry of the
nation will be heard on high, and answered with blessings no less than
the pardon of our national sins and the restoration of our now divided
and suffering country to its former happy condition of unity and
peace."(14)

Alas, for such men as Hooker! What seemed to him in his vainglory beyond
the reach of Omnipotence, was accomplished by Lee and Jackson and
a Confederate army at Chancellorsville. Profound gloom fell upon
Washington. Welles heard the terrible news from Sumner who came into his
room "and raising both hands exclaimed, 'Lost, lost, all is lost!'"(15)

The aftermath of Manassas was repeated. In the case of Pope, no effort
had been spared to save the friend of the Committee, to find some one
else on whom to load his incompetence. The course was now repeated.
Again, the Jacobins raised the cry, "We are betrayed!" Again, the stir
to injure the President. Very strange are the ironies of history! At
this critical moment, Lincoln's amiable mistake in sending Burnside to
Cincinnati demanded expiation. Along with the definite news of Hooker's
overthrow, came the news that Burnside had seized the Copperhead leader,
Vallandigham, and had cast him into prison; that a hubbub had ensued;
that, as the saying goes, the woods were burning in Ohio.

Vallandigham's offense was a public speech of which no accurate report
survives. However, the fragments recorded by "plain clothes" men
in Burnside's employ, when set in the perspective of Vallandigham's
thinking as displayed in Congress, make its tenor plain enough. It was
an out-and-out Copperhead harangue. If he was to be treated as
hundreds of others had b