following list: city, war, bird, potato, day, ocean, insect,
mountain, tree, roof.

7. Controlled association, (a) Use the same list of stimulus words
as above, but respond to each by a word meaning the _opposite_ or
at least something contrasting, (b) Repeat, naming a _part_ of the
object designated by each of these same words, (c) Repeat again,
naming an _instance_ or variety of each of the objects named. Did
you find wrong responses coming up, or did the mental set exclude
them altogether?

8. Write on a sheet of paper ten pairs of one-place numbers, each
pair in a little column with a line drawn below, as in addition or
multiplication examples. See how long it takes you to _add_, and
again how long it takes to _multiply_ all ten. Which task took the
longer, and why? Did you notice any interference, such as thinking
of a sum when you were "set" for products?

9. Free association test for students of psychology. Respond to
each of the following stimulus words by the first word suggested by
it of a psychological character:

conditioned
objective
gregarious
delayed
correlation
fear
negative
end-brush
mastery
rat
pyramidal
submission
stimulus
semicircular
feeling-tone
substitute
kinesthetic
primary
axon
advantage
tension
synapse
field
blend
autonomic
quotient
rod
retention
limit
fovea
nonsense
apraxia
saturated
higher
thalamus
red-green
paired
organic
complementary
economy
tendency
after
exploration
preparatory
basilar
recency
native
fluctuation
curve
endocrine
dot
perseveration
expressive
Binet
synesthesia
James-Lange
frontal
facilitation
flexion
overlapping

{388}

REFERENCES

On imagery, synesthesia, etc., see Gallon's _Inquiries into Human
Faculty and Its Development_, 1883, pp. 57-112; and for more recent
studies of imagery see G. H. Betts on _The Distribution and Function
of Mental Imagery_, 1909, and Mabel R. Fernald on _The Diagnosis of
Mental Imagery_, 1912.

On the diagnostic use of the association test, an extensive work is
that of C. G. Jung, _Studies in Word-Association_, translated by Eder,
1919.

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CHAPTER XVI

THE LAWS OF ASSOCIATION

AN ATTEMPT TO REDUCE THE LEARNING PROCESS TO ITS ELEMENTS

This is a very s