led place, within which is
a garrison of soldiers; outside its walls stretch gardens and villas,
many of them rich and beautiful, filled with costly things. Below the
fort is a long river wall or quay covered with warehouses, bales of
goods, and a busy multitude of men at work. Some are slaves--perhaps
all. Would you like to know what a Roman villa was like? It was in plan
a small, square court, surrounded on three sides by a cloister or
corridor with pillars, and behind the cloister the rooms of the house;
the middle part of the court was a garden, and in front was another and
a larger garden. The house was of one storey, the number and size of the
rooms varying according to the size of the house. On one side were the
winter divisions, on the other were the summer rooms. The former part
was kept warm by means of a furnace constructed below the house, which
supplied hot-air pipes running up all the walls. At the back of the
house were the kitchen, stables, and sleeping quarters of the servants.
Tesselated pavements, statues, pictures, carvings, hangings, pillows,
and fine glass adorned the house. There was not in London the enormous
wealth which enabled some of the Romans to live in palaces, but there
was comparative wealth--the wealth which enables a man to procure for
himself in reason all the things that he desires.

The City as it grew in prosperity was honoured by receiving the name of
Augusta. It remained in Roman hands for nearly four hundred years. The
Citadel, which marks the first occupation by the Romans, was probably
built about A.D. 43. The Romans went away in A.D. 410. During these four
centuries the people became entirely Romanised. Add to this that they
became Christians. Augusta was a Christian city; the churches which
stand--or stood, because three at least have been removed--along Thames
Street, probably occupied the sites of older Roman churches. In this
part of the City the people were thickest; in this quarter, therefore,
stood the greater number of churches: the fact that they were mostly
dedicated to the apostles instead of to later Saxon saints seems to show
that they stood on the sites of Roman churches. It has been asked why
there has never been found any heathen temple in London; the answer is
that London under the Romans very early became Christian; if there had
been a temple of Diana or Apollo it would have been destroyed or
converted into a church. Such remains of Augusta as have been found