g from B.C. 4713; being the
product of the numbers 15, 19, and 28 multiplied into each other, they
being respectively the lengths, in Julian years, of the Indiction,
Metonic Cycle, and Solar Cycle. The Julian year was a period of 365-1/4
days, which was adopted as the length of the year after the reformation
of the calendar by Julius Caesar.

JULIO. An Italian coin, worth about sixpence.

JUMPERS. The short external duck-frock worn by sail-makers, artificers,
riggers, &c., to preserve the clothing beneath.

JUMP-JOINTED. When the plates of an iron vessel are flush, as in those
that are carvel-built.

JUNCO. _See_ PURRE.

JUNGADA. A balza, or simple kind of raft, of several logs of wood,
fitted with a tilt, and used on the coasts of Peru. It has a mast and
sails, and by means of a rudder, not unlike a sliding keel in principle,
is capable of working to windward. (_See_ GUARA.)

JUNGLE. A wilderness of wood; in Bengal the word is also applied to a
tract covered with long grass, which grows to an extraordinary height.
Jungles are dreaded for the fevers they engender.

JUNK. The Chinese junk is the largest vessel built by that nation, and
at one period exceeding in tonnage any war-vessels then possessed by
England. The extreme beam is one-third from the stern; it shows no stem,
it being chamfered off. The bow on deck is square, over which the
anchors slide fore and aft. Having no keel, and being very full at the
stern, a huge rudder is suspended, which at sea is lowered below the
depth of the bottom. The masts are immense, in one piece. The cane sails
are lug and heavy. The hull is divided into water-tight compartments,
like tanks.--_Junk_ is also any remnants or pieces of old cable, or
condemned rope, cut into small portions for the purpose of making
_points_, _mats_, _swabs_, _gaskets_, _sinnet_, _oakum_, and the like
(which see). Also, a dense cellular tissue in the head of the
sperm-whale, infiltrated with spermaceti. Also, salt beef, as tough to
the teeth as bits of rope, whence the epithet.

JUNKET. A long basket for catching fish.--_Junketting_, good cheer and
hearty jollification.

JUPITER. The longest known of the superior planets, and the largest in
the solar system; it is accompanied by four satellites.

JURATORY CAUTION. A process in the instance court of the admiralty, to
which a party is discretionally admitted on making oath that he is
unable to find sureties.

JUREBASSO. A rating in former time