interests, and the whole outer strength of a State rests upon
the depth and firmness of these, its inner conditions and links.
Therefore the first commandment of life for the State is not to
create for itself might but to care for the ethical unity of its
members, for the supremacy of the conscience and the sense of
law above rude self-interest."--(Quoted in the _Ethical
Movement_, October, 1915.)

Granted that voices such as those of Herzog, Foerster, Schuecking,
Schwantje are a minority, it is yet plain that they represent more than
themselves. The existence of such reviews and utterances implies the
existence of at least many thousands who have not been deluded by their
governors. Of those who have been deluded into enmity, but who have
never dreamed of world dominance, there are, I am convinced, many
millions. Bernhardi was introduced to Germany by England. There were
four million Social Democrats. They have defended their country, but
they have never dreamed of aggression. The time will come to claim the
help of these men and the many others of the wiser Germany. That wiser
Germany will yet live to be, not an army of destruction, but an army of
progress.

Henrietta Thomas, of Baltimore, Maryland, went early in 1915 with a
message of fellowship from English people to German people. There was
some surprise, some tendency to view the message as Utopian, but always
a cordial acknowledgment and a real goodwill. Dr. Siegmund Schulze was
most heartily in sympathy. "He feels that the ultimate hope of peace
lies in the increasing use of arbitration." "One very sweet-spirited
elderly gentleman in Berlin said that when he prayed things looked
different--he seemed to see things through God's eyes--but as a man he
had to fight." "At Stuttgart and Frankfurt I found the peace people more
thoroughgoing in their sentiments." The secretary of the Stuttgart
Peace Society said: "The armed peace of Europe is an exploded idea. As
long as we have armies we shall use them. We must educate the people to
realise this, and to work for disarmament."

_Lichtstrahlen_ was originally founded as an independent monthly
periodical by a Socialist, Julian Borchardt. The periodical was
unofficial and had a difficult struggle for existence. This was before
the war. When the war broke out the editor took as strong a line against
it as the censor allowed. The circulation rose so much that Borchardt
was able to convert the