more
perfectly suits the German mind and temperament. It involves the
possession of those qualities in which Germans are so
pre-eminent--the capacity for taking an infinitude of pains, the
capacity to anticipate difficulties and organise means to
circumvent them.... It is in the possession of such schools of
research, both in the universities and in the chemical
factories, that Germany has by two generations the lead of all
other countries in the world.... The chemical manufacturers in
this country have, with some notable exceptions, failed to
establish anything worthy of the name of research laboratories
in connection with their works.... Whereas the artificial colour
industry started in England, that of artificial drugs is
entirely of German origin, and may be said to begin with the
discovery by Liebig of chloroform in 1831, and of chloral
hydrate in 1832.... The composition of the personnel who carry
on these German colour works is at the bottom of their success.
Take the works of Messrs. Meister, Lucius, und Bruening as an
example. In 1913, the composition was as follows: Workmen,
7,680; managers, 374; expert chemists, 307; technologists, 74;
commercial staff, 611. Contrast with the above the fact that the
six English factories now producing dyestuffs employ altogether
only 35 chemists, whilst evidence of their relative activities
is again furnished by the circumstance that between 1886 and
1900 the English firms took out only 86 patents, whereas the six
principal German firms were responsible for 948 during the same
period. Having shown that these German coal-tar colour
manufacturers are without rivals from the commercial point of
view, I feel it to be my duty to point out also that their
industry is carried on under conditions of labour which are
highly creditable to the management.

Professor Frankland goes on to urge that we should at least pay heed to
"the warnings repeated _ad nauseam_ by the chemical profession during a
whole generation." Those warnings told us of the stupidity and peril of
neglecting science. It is not mere commercialism but science that is
needed. The help of science, it may be added, will never be gained
unless devotion is paid to it for its own sake, and not simply as a
means to money. That reward is too far off for mere commercialism. Adolf
Baeyer synthesised indigo