themselves. Each of the
three allied commissioners had a staff of some fifty or sixty officials,
whose upkeep and expenses were paid by the two interested countries.

If an average person had been asked to foretell the result of the
plebiscite I suppose he would have said that in zone "A" the Yugoslavs
and in zone "B" the Austrians would be successful. We have seen how the
Slovene renaissance of the nineteenth century was met by the central
authorities in Vienna (particularly after the German victory of 1871),
and how the local functionaries assisted them. They argued that Austria
with her miscellaneous races could only survive if one of them was
supreme. Therefore they looked askance on every one who regarded himself
as a Slovene; if he rose to be an official it had to be in another part
of the Monarchy, while for the maintenance of Austria (oblivious to the
argument that Austria was a perfectly unnatural affair) they favoured
all those who announced themselves to be on the side of the predominant
race. From 1903 onwards the Slovene language was barred from the courts
of Carinthia, and if a person did not understand the language of the
German magistrates he had to use an interpreter. The land was invaded by
the German _intelligentsia_: professors, masters in primary and
secondary schools, doctors, lawyers and so forth, excise officials and
railway officials--in 1912 Carinthia possessed about 5000 of these and
only 11/2 per cent. were Slovenes. Those among the Slovenes who were
capable of serving in such positions were dispatched to Carniola,
Dalmatia or preferably to the German-speaking lands of the Empire. A
provincial agricultural authority was set up in 1910 which was
recognized by the State and which enjoyed a monopoly. Its object was to
aid the progress of agriculture by establishing and supporting
agricultural schools, sending experts to the farmer, distributing
subsidies for the purchase of machinery, artificial manure and so on.
The council consisted of twenty-one members, of whom only one was a
Slovene; the subsidies were given to those who were recognized as
Germanophils, while requests were not permitted in the Slovene tongue.
As for the electoral districts, they were so manipulated that one deputy
represented 120,000 Slovenes and another represented 27,000 Germans.
Constituencies in which there was a German majority were allowed to send
two members, while the others only sent one. The German railway
employe