earning in the seventeenth century.--Exodus
of the Chinese scholars on the fall of the Ming dynasty.--Their
dispersion and work in Japan.--Founding of schools of the new Chinese
learning.--For two and a half centuries the Japanese mind has been
moulded by the new Confucianism.--Survey of its rise and
developments.--Four stages in the intellectual history of China.--The
populist movement in the eleventh century.--The literary
controversy.--The philosophy of the Cheng brothers and of Chu Hi, called
in Japan Tei-Shu system.--In Buddhism the Japanese were startling
innovators, in philosophy they were docile pupils.--Paucity of Confucian
or speculative literature in Japan.--A Chinese wall built around the
Japanese intellect.--Yelo orthodoxy.--Features of the Tei-Shu
system.--Not agnostic but pantheistic.--Its influence upon
historiography.--Ki (spirit) Ri (way) and Ten (heaven).--The writings of
Ohashi Junzo.--Confucianism obsolescent in New Japan.--A study of
Confucianism in the interest of comparative religion.--Man's place in
the universe.--The Samurai's ideal, obedience.--His fearlessness in the
face of death.--Critique of the system.--The ruler and the ruled.--What
has Confucianism done for woman?--Improvement and revision of the fourth
and fifth relations.--The new view of the universe and the new mind in
New Japan. The ideal of Yamato-damashii revised and improved.

CHAPTER VI

THE BUDDHISM OF NORTHERN ASIA, PAGE 153

Buddha--sun myth or historic personage?--Buddhism one of the
protestantisms of the world.--Characteristics of new religions.--Survey
of the history of Indian thought.--The age of the Vedas.--The epic
age.--The rationalistic age.--Our fellow-Aryans and the story of their
conquests.--Their intellectual energy and inventions.--Systems of
philosophy.--Condition of religion at the birth of Gautama.--Outline of
his life.--He attains enlightenment or buddhahood.--In what respects
Buddhism was an old, and in what a new religion.--Did Gautama intend to
found a new religion, or return to simpler and older
faith?--Monasticism, Kharma and Nirvana,--Enthusiasm of the disciples of
the new faith.--The great schism.--The Northern Buddhists.--The
canon.--The two Yana or vehicles.--Simplicity of Southern and luxuriance
of Northern Buddhism.--Summary of the process of thought in Nepal.--The
old gods of India come back again.--Maitreya, Manjusri and
Avalokitesvara.--The Legend of Manjusri.--Separation of attributes and