that it is geologically impossible. Who can say that
1643 years is insufficient to comprise all the phenomena
that occurred during a period confessedly characterized by
more rapid and extensive action than at present--a period
during which ruptures in the earth's crust, oscillations,
and permanent uprising took place, and the intermittent
action of violent floods caused the deposit and disturbance
and resettlement of the gravels and brick-earth? There is
nothing to interfere with the prevalent opinion that man was
introduced here while the glacial period was dying out, and
while it was still furnishing flood-waters sufficient to
scour and re-sort the gravels of the valleys down which they
flowed. This supposition may be extended to both the great
continents."

To conclude: Our mode of reconciling the Mosaic history of
antediluvian man with the disclosures of the gravels and caves would
be to identify Palaeocosmic man, or man of the mammoth age, with
antediluvian man; to suppose that the changes which closed his
existence in Europe as well as Western Asia were those recorded in the
Noachian deluge; and that the second colonization of the diminished
and shrunken Europe of the modern period was effected by the
descendants of Noah. It may be asked--Must we suppose that the Adam of
the Bible was of the type of the coarsely featured and gigantic men of
the European caverns? I would answer--Not precisely so; but it is
quite possible that Adam may have been Turanian in feature. We should
certainly suppose him to have been a man well developed in brain and
muscle. Such men as those found in the caves would rather represent
the ruder "Nephelim," the "giants that were in those days," than Adam
in Eden. Farther, the new colonists of Europe after the deluge would
no doubt be a very rude and somewhat degenerate branch of Noachidae,
probably driven before more powerful tribes in the course of the
dispersion. The higher races of both periods are probably to be looked
for in Western Asia; but even there we must expect to find cave men
like those whose remains were found by Tristram in the caves near
Tyre, and like the Horim of Moses; and we must also expect to find the
antediluvian age in the main an age of stone everywhere, and its arts,
except in certain great centres of population, perhaps not more
advanced than those of the Polynesians, or those of the agricultural