o the non-sectarian institutions and not to the small
denominational colleges scattered over the country. As they are in
addition unable to compete with the state universities, they are for
every reason justified in becoming Junior Colleges. But this does not
apply to the old independent colleges, such as Amherst, Williams,
Dartmouth, etc., which have loyal and wealthy alumni associations.
They have the support necessary to retain the four-year course and
seem determined to do so.

Just what the outcome of the whole question of shortening the college
course may be is not now evident. That concessions in time must be
made to the demand for an earlier beginning of professional education
seems certain. That the saving should be made in the college course is
not so certain. A sounder pedagogy seems to indicate that one year, if
not two, can be saved in the period from the sixth to the eighteenth
year. It is probable that the arbitrary division of American education
into elementary, secondary, collegiate, and university, each with a
stated number of years, will give way to a real unification of the
educational process. Most Americans would regret to see the college,
the unique product of American education, which has had such an
honorable part in the development of our civilization, disappear in
the unifying process.

STEPHEN PIERCE DUGGAN
_College of the City of New York_

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The bibliography on the American college is almost inexhaustible. The
list here given is confined to the best books that have appeared since
1900.

ANGELL, J. B. _Selected Addresses._ New York, 1912.

Association of American Universities. Proceedings of the Annual
Conference.

BUTLER, N. M. _Education in the United States._ New York, 1900.

CATTELL, J. M. _University Control._ New York, 1913.

CRAWFORD, W. H. (editor). _The American College._ New York, 1915.
(Papers by Faunce, Shorey, Haskins, Rhees, Thwing, Finley, Few,
Slocum, Meiklejohn, Claxton.)

Cyclopedia of Education, article on "American College." New York,
1911.

DEXTER, E. G. _History of Education in the United States._ New York,
1904.

DRAPER, A. S. _American Education._ Boston, 1909.

FLEXNER, A. _The American College: A Criticism._ General Education
Board, New York, 1908.

FOSTER, W. T. _Administration of the College Curriculum._ Boston,
1911.

HARPER, W. R. _The Trend in Higher Education._ Chicago, 1905.

KI