e, society, with judicious classification and restriction, is an
essential part of curative treatment, and the success of asylums, as
compared with the most skilful and humane private treatment, is due in
great part to the social element.

It cannot be maintained that the desire of society results from fear, and
from the felt need of mutual protection; for it exists in full at the most
fearless periods of life, and among those who are the least timid, and is
equally manifest in the strong and the weak, in those who can proffer and
in those who might crave protection.

*3. The Desire of Esteem.* It is almost superfluous to say that this is a
native and indestructible element of the human constitution. Its first
manifestations bear even date with the earliest displays of intelligence
and affection. To the infant, approval is reward; rebuke, even by look, is
punishment. The hope of esteem is the most healthful and effective
stimulant in the difficult tasks of childhood and of school-life. Under
the discipline of parents both wise and good, it is among the most
important and salutary means of moral discipline. It is seldom deficient
in young persons. Their chief danger lies in its excess; for when it is
too strongly developed, it inclines them to seek at all hazards the
approval of their associates for the time being. Hence the chief danger
from vicious or unscrupulous associates. The first steps in vice are
oftener prompted, no doubt, by the desire for the complacent regard of
one's companions than by an antecedent disposition to evil. Indeed, the
confession is often made, that these steps were taken with compunction and
horror, solely from the fear of ridicule and from the desire to win the
approval and favor of older transgressors.

On the other hand, the desire of the esteem of good men is one of the
strongest auxiliary motives to virtue; while a yearning for the Divine
approval forms an essential part of true piety towards God.

*4. The Desire of Power.* This is manifested in every period of life, and
in the exercise of every faculty, bodily, mental, and moral. It is this
which gives us pleasure in solitary exercises of physical strength, in
climbing mountains, swimming, lifting heavy weights, performing difficult
gymnastic feats. It is this, more than deliberate cruelty, that induces
boys to torture animals, or to oppress and torment their weaker or more
timid companions.

In intellectual pursuits, the love of pow