ites, being mere bodily impulses, and being all liable to excess
or misdirection, need the control of the will, and of the principles of
action by which the will is determined and regulated.

Section II.

The Desires.

The Desires are distinguished from the Appetites, first, in their not
originating from the body; secondly, in their not being necessarily
intermittent; and thirdly, in their tendency to increase indefinitely,
often through the whole of life, and to gain strength by the attainment of
their specific objects. If classified by their objects, they might seem
too numerous to be specified; but they may all be embraced under the
titles of the Desire for Knowledge, for Society, for Esteem, for Power,
and for Superiority. These all may be traced, in a more or less
rudimentary form, in the inferior animals. Many of these animals show an
active curiosity. Many are gregarious in their native state, and most of
the domestic animals delight in the society of their kind; some take
manifest pleasure in human society; and the instances are by no means
rare, in which animals, by nature mutually hostile, become strongly
attached to each other, and render to each other the most friendly
services. The dog, the horse, and the cat evidently crave the esteem of
human beings, and show tokens of genuine grief when they incur rebuke or
discern tokens of disapproval. The dog maintains with watchful jealousy
his own authority in his own peculiar domain; and in the chase or on the
race-ground the dog and the horse are as emulous of success as their
masters.

*1. The Desire of Knowledge.* This in the human being is manifested with
the earliest dawn of intelligence. The infant is busy with eye and hand
throughout his waking hours; and that the desire of knowledge is innate,
and has no reference to the use that is to be made of the things known, is
manifest from the rapid growth of knowledge in the first years of life,
before the child has any distinct conception of the uses of objects, or
any conscious capacity of employing them for his own benefit. It may be
doubted whether in any subsequent year of life so much knowledge is
acquired as during the first year. The child but a year old has learned
the nature of the familiar objects of the house and the street, the faces
and names of a large number of relatives, domestics, and acquaintances,
the regular succession of seasons and events in daily d