will cause them to leak.

20. Q. Is the blower more injurious when a light smoke is emitting from
the stack or when a dense black smoke is emitting?

A. It is most injurious when a light smoke is emitting.

21. Q. In drifting down long grades should the fire be shut off or
burned lightly? Why?

A. The fire should be burned lightly and not permitted to get low enough
to allow the fire-box to lose its temperature, as this will contract the
flues and cause them to leak.

22. Q. How should the fire be handled when switching?

A. The fire must be regulated to meet the requirements of the work the
engine is performing on each move and to protect against any possibility
of the fire being drawn out by the exhaust.

23. Q. Would not some fuel be wasted in this way?

A. Not necessarily. A waste of fuel can be avoided by close attention on
the part of the fireman when switching as well as when running.

24. Q. How should the fire be handled when leaving stations?

A. It should be burning brightly and strong enough to prevent the draft
from putting it out when the throttle is opened. And a little smoke
should show up at the stack, which would indicate that the fire was
being forced just a little ahead of the working of the engine.

25. Q. Which is desirable, to use as much or as little steam jet
atomizer as possible?

A. It is desirable to use as little atomizer as will make engine show
perfect combustion and economy.

26. Q. What is the result of too little steam jet atomizer when standing
at stations or when the engine is working light?

A. The result of too little atomizer when standing at station or when
engine is working lightly, will result in the oil not being carried far
enough into the fire-box or arch and not properly atomized and the fire
is liable to go out. The oil will drop from the mouth of the burner into
the draft pan to the ground where it is very liable to start a fire
under the engine.

27. Q. If too much steam jet atomizer is used with a light fire?

A. It will create a disagreeable gas, which will cause the fire to burn
with a succession of light explosions and kicks, also a waste of steam,
and which would reduce the fire-box temperature.

28. Q. When the fire kicks and smokes, what should be done?

A. The atomizer should be adjusted. If this does not overcome the
trouble, the heater should be put in service, for, possibly, the oil is
too cold to flow freely. Another cause of the fire kic