a wolf seems common to the Mongols and the Turks. The
Mongol Berte-Scheno, of the very curious Mongol History, published
and translated by M. Schmidt of Petersburg, is brought from Thibet. M.
Schmidt considers this tradition of the Thibetane descent of the royal
race of the Mongols to be much earlier than their conversion to Lamaism,
yet it seems very suspicious. See Klaproth, Tabl. de l'Asie, p. 159.
The Turkish Bertezena is called Thou-men by Klaproth, p. 115. In 552,
Thou-men took the title of Kha-Khan, and was called Il Khan.--M.]

[Footnote 2513: Great Bucharia is called Turkistan: see Hammer, 2. It
includes all the last steppes at the foot of the Altai. The name is the
same with that of the Turan of Persian poetic legend.--M.]

[Footnote 26: The country of the Turks, now of the Calmucks, is well
described in the Genealogical History, p. 521--562. The curious notes of
the French translator are enlarged and digested in the second volume of
the English version.]

[Footnote 27: Visdelou, p. 141, 151. The fact, though it strictly
belongs to a subordinate and successive tribe, may be introduced here.]

[Footnote 28: Procopius, Persic. l. i. c. 12, l. ii. c. 3. Peyssonel,
Observations sur les Peuples Barbares, p. 99, 100, defines the distance
between Caffa and the old Bosphorus at xvi. long Tartar leagues.]

[Footnote 29: See, in a Memoire of M. de Boze, (Mem. de l'Academie des
Inscriptions, tom. vi. p. 549--565,) the ancient kings and medals of
the Cimmerian Bosphorus; and the gratitude of Athens, in the Oration of
Demosthenes against Leptines, (in Reiske, Orator. Graec. tom. i. p. 466,
187.)]

[Footnote 30: For the origin and revolutions of the first Turkish
empire, the Chinese details are borrowed from De Guignes (Hist.
des Huns, tom. P. ii. p. 367--462) and Visdelou, (Supplement a la
Bibliotheque Orient. d'Herbelot, p. 82--114.) The Greek or Roman hints
are gathered in Menander (p. 108--164) and Theophylact Simocatta, (l.
vii. c. 7, 8.)]

Chapter XLII: State Of The Barbaric World.--Part II.

In the rapid career of conquest, the Turks attacked and subdued the
nation of the Ogors or Varchonites [3011] on the banks of the River
Til, which derived the epithet of Black from its dark water or gloomy
forests. [31] The khan of the Ogors was slain with three hundred
thousand of his subjects, and their bodies were scattered over the
space of four days' journey: their surviving countrymen acknowledged
the streng