enian clergy, replaced Ten-Schahpour, in 552, by
Veschnas-Vahram. The new marzban, or governor, was instructed to repress
the bigoted Magi in their persecutions of the Armenians, but the Persian
converts to Christianity were still exposed to cruel sufferings. The
most distinguished of them, Izdbouzid, was crucified at Dovin in the
presence of a vast multitude. The fame of this martyr spread to the
West. Menander, the historian, not only, as appears by a fragment
published by Mai, related this event in his history, but, according
to M. St. Martin, wrote a tragedy on the subject. This, however, is
an unwarrantable inference from the phrase which merely means that he
related the tragic event in his history. An epigram on the same subject,
preserved in the Anthology, Jacob's Anth. Palat. i. 27, belongs to
the historian. Yet Armenia remained in peace under the government of
Veschnas-Vahram and his successor Varazdat. The tyranny of his successor
Surena led to the insurrection under Vartan, the Mamigonian, who
revenged the death of his brother on the marzban Surena, surprised
Dovin, and put to the sword the governor, the soldiers, and the Magians.
From St. Martin, vol x. p. 79--89.--M.]

[Footnote 412: Malathiah. It was in the lesser Armenia.--M.]

[Footnote 5: He had vanquished the Albanians, who brought into the field
12,000 horse and 60,000 foot; but he dreaded the multitude of venomous
reptiles, whose existence may admit of some doubt, as well as that of
the neighboring Amazons. Plutarch, in Pompeio, tom. ii. p. 1165, 1166.]

[Footnote 6: In the history of the world I can only perceive two navies
on the Caspian: 1. Of the Macedonians, when Patrocles, the admiral of
the kings of Syria, Seleucus and Antiochus, descended most probably the
River Oxus, from the confines of India, (Plin. Hist. Natur. vi. 21.) 2.
Of the Russians, when Peter the First conducted a fleet and army from
the neighborhood of Moscow to the coast of Persia, (Bell's Travels, vol.
ii. p. 325--352.) He justly observes, that such martial pomp had never
been displayed on the Volga.]

[Footnote 611: This circumstance rests on the statements of Evagrius and
Theophylaci Simocatta. They are not of sufficient authority to establish
a fact so improbable. St. Martin, vol. x. p. 140.--M.]

[Footnote 7: For these Persian wars and treaties, see Menander, in
Excerpt. Legat. p. 113--125. Theophanes Byzant. apud Photium, cod. lxiv
p. 77, 80, 81. Evagrius, l. v. c. 7--