--H. Dumesnil. _Souvenirs intimes_ (Paris, 1875);
Roger-Miles, _Les Artistes celebres: Corot_ (Paris, 1891);
Roger-Miles, _Album classique des chefs-d'oeuvres de Corot_ (Paris,
1895); J. Rousseau, _Bibliotheque d'art moderne: Camille Corot_
(Paris, 1884); J. Claretie, _Peintres et sculpteurs contemporains:
Corot_ (Paris, 1884); Ch. Bigot, _Peintres francais contemporains:
Corot_ (Paris, 1888); Geo. Moore, _Ingres and Corot in Modern
Painting_ (London, 1893); David Croal Thomson, _Corot_ (4to, London,
1892); Mrs Schuyler van Rensselaer, "Corot," _Century Magazine_ (June
1889); Corot, _The Portfolio_ (1870), p. 60, (1875) p. 146; R. A. M.
Stevenson, "Corot as an Example of Style in Painting," _Scottish Art
Review_ (Aug. 1888); Ethel Birnstigl and Alice Pollard, _Corot_
(London, 1904); Alfred Robaut, _L'OEuvre de Corot, catalogue
raisonne et illustre, precede de l'histoire de Corot et de ses
oeuvres par Etienne Morceau-Nelaton_ (Paris, 1905). (D. C. T.)

CORPORAL. 1. (From Lat. _corporalis_, belonging to the _corpus_ or
body), an adjective appearing in several expressions, such as "corporal
punishment" (see below), or in "corporal works of mercy," for those acts
confined to the succouring of the bodily needs, such as feeding the
hungry, visiting the sick, rescuing captives. A "corporal oath" was
sworn with the body in contact with a sacred object (see OATH).

2. (From Lat. _corporalis_, sc. _palla_, or _corporale_, sc. _pallium_),
in the Roman Catholic Church, a small square linen cloth, which at the
service of the Mass is placed on the altar under the chalice and paten.
It was originally large enough to cover the whole surface of the altar,
and was folded over so as to cover the chalice--a custom still observed
by the Carthusians. The chalice is now, however, covered by another
small square of linen, stiffened with cardboard, &c., known as the pall
(_palla_). When not in use both corporal and pall are carried in a
square silken pocket called the burse. The corporal must be blessed by
the bishop, or by a priest with special faculties, the ritual prayers
invoking the divine blessing that the linen may be worthy to cover and
enwrap the body and blood of the Lord. It represents the winding-sheet
in which Joseph of Arimathea wrapped the body of the dead Christ.

3. (Of uncertain derivation; the French form _caporal_, and Ital.
_caporale_, point to an origin from _capo_, Italian for head;