Arinos-Juruena, one of the most powerful tributaries of the
Amazon. In the small map, reproduced from the best existing maps, at the
end of the first volume, several high mountain ranges, quite as high as
the Andes, may be noticed extending from north to south between the
rivers Madeira, Tapajoz, Xingu, Araguaya and Tocantins. Those high ranges
are merely the work of imaginative cartographers, who have drawn them to
make the map look pretty. They do not exist. I have left them in order to
draw the attention of the reader to them. The position of the
Arinos-Juruena is from 1 to 11/2 degrees farther west than it is there
drawn, and should be where I have marked the red line of my route.

(_f_) Everything that was of interest pictorially, geologically,
botanically, or anthropologically was photographed or sketched.
Astronomical observations were constantly taken to determine the
positions of our camps and places of importance.

Botanical and geological collections were made, but unfortunately had to
be abandoned.

(_g_) During the journey the head waters of the following important
rivers were visited: The Rio Vermelho, Rio Claro, Rio Araguaya, Rio
Barreiros, Rio das Mortes, Rio S. Lourenco, the Cuyaba river, the Xingu,
the Paranatinga, the Paraguay river (Parana), the Rio Arinos, the
Secundury.

(_h_) The entire course of the river Tapajoz was studied, and also the
entire course of the Amazon from its mouth almost to its birthplace in
the Andes.

(_i_) Useful vocabularies were drawn up of the following Indian
languages: Bororo, Apiacar, Mundurucu, Campas or Antis.

(_k_) The expedition has furthermore shown that it is possible with poor
material in the way of followers to accomplish work of unusual
difficulty.

(_l_) That it is possible for people in a normal condition of health to
go at least sixteen days without food while doing hard work.

(_m_) That it is possible to cross an entire continent--for one entire
year--in the company of dangerous and lazy criminals without any weapon
for protection--not even a penknife--and to bring forth from such poor
material remarkable qualities of endurance, courage, and almost
superhuman energy.

(_n_) Last, but not least, on that expedition I was able to collect
further evidence that a theory I had long held as to the present shape
of the earth was correct. I had never believed in the well-known theory
that a continent, now submerged, once existed between America, Europe a