d
it the "Cape of Tempests." The circumstance is thus alluded to by a
poet of that period--

"At Lisboa's court they told their dread escape,
And from her raging tempests named the Cape.
`Thou southmost point,' the joyful king exclaimed,
`_Cape of Good Hope_ be thou for ever named!'"

CHAPTER SIX.

BOATS, MODEL-BOAT MAKING, ETCETERA.

Leaving the subject of ancient ships and navigation, we shall now turn
our attention to the more recent doings of man on the ocean, and, before
entering into the details of ships and ship-building, devote a little
time and space to the consideration of boats.

There are great varieties of boats--as regards shape, size, material,
and use--so that it is not easy to decide on which we shall first fix
our attention. There are large and small, long and short boats; flat,
round, sharp, and bluff ones,--some clumsy, others elegant. Certain
boats are built for carrying cargo, others for purposes of war. Some
are meant for sailing, some for rowing; and while many kinds are devoted
to business, others are intended solely for pleasure. Before we refer
to any of these, perhaps our young readers will not object to be told
how to construct:--

A MODEL BOAT.

We need scarcely say that it is not expedient for a boy to attempt to
build a model boat in the same manner as a regular boat-builder
constructs one for actual service. It would be undertaking an
unnecessary amount of labour to lay a keel and form ribs and nail on
planks in the orthodox fashion, because, for all practical purposes, a
boat cut out of a solid block of wood is quite as useful, and much more
easily made.

The first thing you have to do, my young boat-builder, then, is to go
and visit a harbour or beach where varieties of boats are to be found,
and, having settled in your mind which of them you intend to copy, make
a careful drawing, in outline, of its form in four different positions.
First, a side view, as in Figure 1. Then the stern, with the swelling
sides of the boat visible, as in Figure 2. The bow, as in Figure 3; and
a bird's-eye view, as in Figure 4. The last drawing can be made by
mounting on some neighbouring eminence, such as a bank or a larger boat,
or, if that is impossible, by getting upon the stern of the boat itself,
and thus looking down on it. These four drawings will be of great
service in enabling you to shape your model correctly; for as you
proceed with the carving you can, by hold