tablished after that date. The break came through the establishment of
an "anti-secret" fraternity, Delta Upsilon, which the older fraternities
refused to recognize though it later assumed a passive role, and became
merely non-secret. This organization, however, with the addition of the
new fraternities as they were established, formed an opposition to the
older societies who stubbornly maintained their control of the
_Palladium_. This continued until 1891 when the _Palladium_ finally
absorbed the _Castalian_, the annual of the independents, and _Res
Gestae_, the law annual, and became at last a representative University
publication.

Although in 1897 the name was changed to the present _Michiganensian_,
the spirit of the old "Palladium," as an inner ring of fraternities,
still existed, particularly in the administration of the annual Junior
Hop, which had been a definitely organized student event at least as far
back as 1877, and had been preceded by a similar ball given by the
Seniors since 1868. The older fraternities long maintained an exclusive
control of the Junior Hop. But in 1896 the out-fraternities and the
independents protested to the Regents, who sustained their contention,
that the Hop, given in the University buildings, should include
representatives from the entire Junior class. The Palladium fraternities
refused to participate, and that year two "Hops" were given, one by
eight fraternities in Toledo, D.K.E. not being represented, and one in
the Gymnasium by the more recent fraternities and the independents. The
question arose again the next year but was eventually settled by a plan
of organization admitting representation upon the committee from all
fraternities and the independents in rotation.

The establishment in 1914 of an Inter-Fraternity Conference marked a
further step in the relations of these organizations to the University.
For some time "the fraternity situation," as it was usually spoken of,
had been increasingly unsatisfactory. Ideals of scholarship were low, or
non-existent, in practically all of the fraternities. The Junior Hop had
become so uncontrolled and extravagant that the Faculty had abolished
it,--while "rushing" methods, particularly the practice of pledging boys
long before they were ready for college, called for drastic action. This
was strongly recommended by the Committee on Student Affairs in its 1913
Report, and the fraternities were accordingly given notice to "clean
hous