me _Wrinkle_ died, the student body was
left with only the _Daily_ and the _Michiganensian_ as unsatisfactory
vehicles for purely literary efforts, save occasional fugitive sheets
which usually passed away almost before they appeared. In 1916 the
_Inlander_ was re-established but seemed unable to make a place for
itself and was succeeded in 1919 by the present _Chimes_. Of
departmental publications only the _Technic_, established by the
engineers in 1885, is still in existence and thus may honorably claim to
be the oldest student journal in the University.

Uncertain and varying as the careers of most of these publications have
been, they have filled their place in the student scheme of existence;
at least they have given valuable experience to their amateur editors
and publishers and have been a needed vehicle for the expression of
student opinion. The long list of editors includes the names of many
alumni who have made their mark, not only in the world of letters, but
in many other fields. The papers that survived longest usually lived by
virtue of their independence; those that died, did so because they
filled no recognized need or were too crude or too conscientiously
academic. Of the present-day publications, the _Daily_ and the
_Michiganensian_ are apparently fixtures. The _Daily_ sometimes tries
all too apparently to ape the defects and not the merits of the greater
journals and suffers from a constantly changing personnel and lack of
experienced editors, but it is improving and benefiting through a
certain degree of co-operation with the classes in journalism in the
University. The editor and business manager are given a salary and are
subject to close supervision by the Board in Control of Student
Publications, which has so wisely administered the affairs of the
various papers that a fund of some $30,000 has been saved towards the
establishment of a University Press. The same is true of the
_Michiganensian_, which has come to be of impressive bulk, and is
usually on the whole a well edited and printed annual reference book
with numerous illustrations and data concerning all of the student
organizations. A directory of students in the University is also
published under the supervision of the Board in Control as well as a
tri-weekly paper, the _Wolverine_, by the students of the Summer
Session. The alumni publication, the _Michigan Alumnus_, which first
appeared in 1894, will be mentioned in a later chapter.

I