t the same; the third year they grow about
eighteen inches, tap-root nearly as much. For the first three
years the tap-root seems to gain most of the nourishment, and at
the end of the third year, or about that time, the tree itself
starts its real growth. After the tap-root reaches the sub-soil
moisture, the tree often grows as much in one year as it has in
the preceding three or four. If the trees are transplanted
previous to the time that the tap-root reaches this moisture and
before the tree starts its rapid growth, very few young trees are
lost in the process of transplanting.

[Sidenote: =Orchard Planting=]

For orchard planting the trees should be placed from forty to
sixty feet apart and by staggering the rows a greater distance is
gained between individual trees. Any other small fruits may be
planted in the orchard between the walnut trees or any cultivated
crop can be raised satisfactorily on the same land, many
orchardists gaining triple use of the soil in this way. Besides,
the cultivation of the earth in proximity to the walnuts proves
of great benefit to the trees. Before trees are planted the
tap-root should be trimmed or cut back and most if not all the
lateral branches trimmed from the tree. The tree itself should
not be cut back as is customary with either fruit trees, but by
leaving the terminal bud intact, a much better shaped tree is
developed. It is not necessary to prune English Walnut trees
except in cases where some of the lower branches interfere with
cultivation.

Cultivation in the North should be stopped about the first of
August, thus halting the growth of the trees and giving them a
chance to harden their wood for Winter. This is a good plan to
follow in the cultivation of nearly all the smaller fruit trees.

When planting on the lawn for ornamental purposes a ring from two
to three feet in diameter should be cultivated about the base of
the tree.

[Sidenote: =Selection of Varieties=]

The tender varieties that have been used in Southern California
must not be experimented with in the North, as they bloom too
early and are almost certain to be caught by the frost. These
varieties have been tried in Northern California without success,
and the venture is quite likely to be disastrous in any but the
warmest climates.

[Illustration: MR. E.C. POMEROY, GATHERING ENGLISH WALNUTS ON
HIS FARM IN LOCKPORT, N.Y.]

The uncertainty of a crop is often due to the very early bloomin