proclaims to all the faithful a doctrine of faith or morals.

Q. 531. What is necessary that the Pope may speak infallibly or
ex-cathedra?
A. That the Pope may speak infallibly, or ex-cathedra, (1) He must speak
on a subject of faith or morals; (2) He must speak as the Vicar of
Christ and to the whole Church; (3) He must indicate by certain words,
such as, we define, we proclaim, &c., that he intends to speak
infallibly.

Q. 532. Is the Pope infallible in everything he says and does?
A. The Pope is not infallible in everything he says and does, because
the Holy Ghost was not promised to make him infallible in everything,
but only in matters of faith and morals for the whole Church.
Nevertheless, the Pope's opinion on any subject deserves our greatest
respect on account of his learning, experience and dignity.

Q. 533. Can the Pope commit sin?
A. The Pope can commit sin and he must seek forgiveness in the Sacrament
of Penance as others do. Infallibility does not prevent him from
sinning, but from teaching falsehood when he speaks ex-cathedra.

Q. 534. What does ex-cathedra mean?
A. "Cathedra" means a seat, and "ex" means out of. Therefore,
ex-cathedra means speaking from the seat or official place held by St.
Peter and his successors as the head of the whole Church.

Q. 535. Why is the chief Church in a diocese called a Cathedral?
A. The chief Church in a diocese is called a Cathedral because the
bishop's cathedra, that is, his seat or throne, is erected in it, and
because he celebrates all important feasts and performs all his special
duties in it.

Q. 536. How many Popes have governed the Church from St. Peter to
Pius XI.?
A. From St. Peter to Pius XI., 261 Popes have governed the Church; and
many of them have been remarkable for their zeal, prudence, learning and
sanctity.

Q. 537. What does anti-pope mean, and who were the anti-popes?
A. Anti-pope means a pretended pope. The anti-popes were men who by the
aid of faithless Christians or others unlawfully seized and claimed the
papal power while the lawful pope was in prison or exile.

Q. 538. Why must the Pope sometimes warn us on political and other
matters?
A. The Pope must sometimes warn us on political and other matters,
because whatever nations or men do is either good or bad, just or
unjust, and wherever the Pope discovers falsehood, wickedness or
injustice he must speak against it and defend the truths of faith and
morals. He must protect also th