le at Florence, of Giotto at Padua and
Assisi, in mosaic on the central cupola of St. Mark's, and in sculpture
on the pillars of the Ducal Palace. The first two series are carefully
described by Lord Lindsay; both are too complicated for comparison with
the more simple series of the Ducal Palace; the other four of course
agree in giving first the cardinal and evangelical virtues; their
variations in the statement of the rest will be best understood by
putting them in a parallel arrangement.

ST. MARK'S. ORCAGNA. GIOTTO. DUCAL PALACE.

Constancy. Perseverance. Constancy.
Modesty. Modesty.
Chastity. Virginity Chastity. Chastity.
Patience. Patience. Patience.
Mercy.
Abstinence. Abstinence?
Piety.[152] Devotion.
Benignity.
Humility. Humility. Humility. Humility.
Obedience. Obedience. Obedience.
Docility.
Caution.
Poverty. _Honesty._
Liberality.
_Alacrity_.

Sec. LXIV. It is curious, that in none of these lists do we find either
_Honesty_ or _Industry_ ranked as a virtue, except in the Venetian one,
where the latter is implied in Alacritas, and opposed not only by
"Accidia" or sloth, but by a whole series of eight sculptures on another
capital, illustrative, as I believe, of the temptations to idleness;
while various other capitals, as we shall see presently, are devoted to
the representation of the active trades. Industry, in Northern art and
Northern morality, assumes a very principal place. I have seen in French
manuscripts the virtues reduced to these seven, Charity, Chastity,
Patience, Abstinence, Humility, Liberality, and Industry: and I doubt
whether, if we were but to add Honesty (or Truth), a wiser or shorter
list could be made out.

Sec. LXV. We will now take the pillars of the Ducal Palace in their order.
It has already been mentioned (Vol. I. Chap. I. Sec. XLVI.) that there
are, in all, thirty-six great pillars supporting the lower story; and that
these are to be counted from right to left, because then the more
an