go 3,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 21, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker
3 (1998 est.)

Airports: 117 (1998 est.)

Airports--with paved runways:
total: 81
over 3,047 m: 16
2,438 to 3,047 m: 25
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 5 (1998 est.)

Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 26 (1998 est.)

Heliports: 2 (1998 est.)

Military

Military branches: Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval Air and
Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie

Military manpower--military age: 20 years of age

Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 18,168,658 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 11,024,173 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 659,338 (1999 est.)

Military expenditures--dollar figure: $6.737 billion (1997)

Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 4.3% (1997)

Transnational Issues

Disputes--international: complex maritime, air, and territorial
disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Greece;
dispute with downstream riparian states (Syria and Iraq) over water
development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; traditional
demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided

Illicit drugs: major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish to Western Europe and--to a far lesser extent the US--via air,
land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other
international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul;
laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in
remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government
maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy
cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

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@Turkmenistan
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Geography

Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran
and Kazakhstan

Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E

Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

Area:
total: 488,100 sq km
land: 488,100 sq km
water: 0 sq km

Area--comparative: slightly larger than California

Land boundaries:
total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379
km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Coastline: 0 km
no