ectrified; 1,236
km double track)
narrow gauge: 176 km 0.760-m gauge (1996)
note: Hungary and Austria jointly manage the cross-border
standard-gauge railway between Gyor, Sopron, Ebenfurt
(Gyor-Sopron-Ebenfurti Vasut Rt) a distance of about 101 km in
Hungary and 65 km in Austria

Highways:
total: 188,203 km
paved: 81,680 km (including 438 km of expressways)
unpaved: 106,523 km (1997 est.)

Waterways: 1,622 km (1988)

Pipelines: crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991)

Ports and harbors: Budapest, Dunaujvaros

Merchant marine:
total: 3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,210 GRT/19,810
DWT (1998 est.)

Airports: 25 (1998 est.)

Airports--with paved runways:
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)

Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (1998 est.)

Military

Military branches: Ground Forces, Air Force, Border Guard

Military manpower--military age: 18 years of age

Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 2,601,741 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 2,073,419 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 70,393 (1999 est.)

Military expenditures--dollar figure: $645 million (1997)

Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 1.4% (1997)

Transnational Issues

Disputes--international: ongoing Gabcikovo Dam dispute with
Slovakia is before the International Court of Justice

Illicit drugs: major transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine
destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor
chemicals, particularly for amphetamines and methamphetamines

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@Iceland
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Introduction

Background: Iceland boasts the oldest surviving parliament in the
world, the Althing, established in 930. Subsequently this Nordic
island, whose small population has largely depended on fishing and
sheep-herding for a living, came under the rule of Norway and then
Denmark. It gained home rule in 1874 and full independence in 1944.
Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are topnotch by world
standards. Tensions continue with Norway, Russia, and ot