in _Cacilia_ (Mainz,
1825), vol. ii. p. 123.

[4] See _Traite sur le perfectionnement du basson, avec 2 tableaux, par
Charles Almenraeder_ (Mayence, Schott), and also the above mentioned
article by Gottfried Weber in _Cacilia_, whose explanations are clearer
than those of the inventor.

[5] For a description of the modern instrument see Victor Charles Mahillon,
_Catalogue descriptif et analytique du musee instrumental du Conservatoire
Royal de Musique_ (Bruxelles, 1896), vol. ii. pp. 275-276, No. 999.

[6] As far as is known only three of these curious instruments are in
existence; two in the museum of the Conservatoire, Paris, and one in
Brussels; all three bear a trefoil as maker's mark; the smallest, in F, is
reproduced in the _Catalogue of the Musical Instruments exhibited at the
Royal Military Exhibition, London_, 1890, by Capt. C. R. Day (London,
1891), pl. iv. F. It is also described (without illustration) in Mahillon's
_Catalogue_, p. 201, No. 189. The two flutes in Paris, measuring 73 cm. and
94 cm., are described by Gustave Chouquet, _Le Musee du Conservatoire
National de Musique--Catalogue descriptif et raisonne_ (Paris, 1884), Nos.
409 and 410, p. 106.

[7] An Italian translation of the description is given by Count L. F.
Valdrighi in _Musurgiana_, No. 4 (Milano, 1881), "Il Phagotus di Afranio,"
p. 40 et seq. (without illustration). An illustration of the phagotus is
given by W. J. von Wasielewski in _Gesch. d. Instrumentalmusik im XVI.
Jahrh._ (Berlin, 1878), pl. v. and vi., text p. 74.

[8] See _L'Harmonie universelle_ (Paris, 1636), part ii. p. 305.

[9] Ibid., illustrated and described, bk. v. p. 293.

[10] See Edm. van der Straeten, _Hist. de la musique aux Pays-Bas_, vol.
vii. pp. 433, 436, 448.

[11] J. J. Quantz, Frederick the Great's flute-master, gives France the
credit of transforming the bombard (pommer) into the bassoon, and the
schalmey into oboe, see _Versuch einer Anweisung die Flote traversiere zu
spielen_ (Berlin, 1752), p. 24 and again p. 241, s. 6.

[12] J. G. Doppelmaier, _Historische Nachricht von den Nuernbergischen
Mathematicis und Kuenstlern_ (Nuernberg, 1730), p. 293.

[13] See "Nachrichten von Kuenstlern und Werkleuten Nuernbergs aus dem
Jahre 1549," in R. Eitelberger von Edelberg's _Quellenschriften fuer
Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des Mittelalters_ (Vienna. 1875), vols.
viii.-x.

[14] See J. J. Eisel, _Musicus autodidactus oder der sich selbst
informierende Mus