n.

_Input/Output Control System_

This system provides the programmer with a packaged means of
accomplishing input and output requirements.

_Utility Programs_

These are pre-written instructions to perform many of the everyday
operations of an installation.

_Subroutines_

These are routines for multiplication, division, dozens conversion, and
program error detection aids.

_Tape Utilities_

These are generalized instructions, particularly useful to 1401
customers who also use larger data processing systems. They facilitate
the transfer of data between IBM cards, magnetic tapes, and printers.
They also provide for some 1401 processing while the transfer of data is
taking place.

_Tape Sort Programs_

Data can be sorted and classified at high speed for further processing
by use of these generalized sorting routines.

_Report Program Generator_

The programmer uses simplified, descriptive language with which he is
already familiar to obtain reports swiftly and efficiently.

FORTRAN (_Contraction of_ FOR_mula_ TRAN_slator_)

Engineers and mathematicians state problems in familiar algebraic
language for solution by the computer.

RAMAC^[registered] _File Organization_

Routines are supplied for simplifying organization of records for
storage in the 1401 Random Access File.

=Here's how one of the 1401 programming systems--Report Program
Generator--works to increase programming efficiency=

1401 computers produce important reports for management in record time
because of their outstanding processing and printing abilities. In
addition to this rapid machine processing of _input data_ used in
reports, still more speed is achieved by the rapid preparation of
_programs_ to produce the reports. This is possible because of the IBM
Report Program Generator, a unique system which permits programs to be
created with a minimum of time and effort.

This example illustrates how the Report Program Generator simplifies the
preparation of one part of an Expense Distribution Report (The Major
Total Line):

[Illustration]

Without the Report Program Generator, the program to get the Major Total
Line would be written out in detail, step by step:

[Illustration]

But with the Report Program Generator, all the programmer has to write
are these two statements:

[Illustration]

It's just as easy to write the statements to generate the rest of the
report! The 1401 itself does the work of converting the program