y to machine-coded language.

"=What Is A 1401 Program?="

A program is a series of instructions that direct the 1401 as it solves
an application.

"=What Is A Stored Program Machine?="

A stored program machine is one which stores its own instructions in
magnetic form and is capable of acting on those instructions to complete
the application assigned. The 1401 uses a stored program.

"=What Are 1401 Programming Systems?="

There are two types: (1) Systems that provide the programmer with a
simplified vocabulary of statements to use in writing programs, and (2)
Pre-written programs, which take care of many of the everyday operations
of the 1401.

=What 1401 Programming Systems Mean To Management:=

INCREASED PROGRAMMING EFFICIENCY

Programmers can concentrate on the application and results rather than
on a multitude of "bookkeeping" functions, such as keeping track of
storage locations.

FASTER TRANSLATION OF MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS INTO USABLE RESULTS

Simplified programming routines allow programmers to write more
instructions in less time.

SHORTER TRAINING PERIODS

Programmers use a language more familiar to them rather than having to
learn detailed machine codes.

REDUCED PROGRAMMING COSTS

Many pre-written programs are supplied by IBM, eliminating necessity of
customers' staffs writing their own.

MORE AVAILABLE 1401 TIME

Pre-written programs have already been tested by IBM, reducing tedious
checking operations on the computer.

EASIER TO UNDERSTAND PROGRAMS

Programs are written in symbolic or application-oriented form instead of
computer language. This enables management to communicate more easily
with the programming staff.

FASTER REPORTS ON OPERATIONS

Routines such as those designed for report writing permit faster
translation of management requirements into usable information.

IBM Programming Systems:

_Symbolic Programming Systems_

These systems permit programs to be written using meaningful names
(symbols) rather than actual machine language.

_Autocoder_

This is an advanced symbolic programming system. It allows generation of
multiple machine instructions from one source statement, free-form
coding, and an automatic assembly process through magnetic tape.

_COBOL_

COBOL is a problem-oriented programming language for commercial
applications.[A] COBOL permits a programmer to use language based on
English words and phrases in describing an applicatio