ches every year into two,--making a repeatedly
two-forked ramification, as in Fig. 76.

[Illustration: Fig. 75. Shoot of Lilac, with winter buds; the two
uppermost axillary ones strong; the terminal not developed. 76. Forking
ramification of Lilac; reduced in size.]

57. =Latent Buds.= Axillary buds that do not grow at the proper season,
and especially those which make no appearance externally, may long
remain latent, and at length upon a favorable occasion start into
growth, so forming branches apparently out of place as they are out of
time. The new shoots seen springing directly out of large stems may
sometimes originate from such latent buds, which have preserved their
life for years. But commonly these arise from

58. =Adventitious Buds.= These are buds which certain shrubs and trees
produce anywhere on the surface of the wood, especially where it has
been injured. They give rise to the slender twigs which often feather
the sides of great branches of our American Elms. They sometimes form on
the root, which naturally is destitute of buds; they are even found upon
some leaves; and they are sure to appear on the trunks and roots of
Willows, Poplars, and Chestnuts, when these are wounded or mutilated.
Indeed Osier-Willows are _pollarded_, or cut off, from time to time, by
the cultivator, for the purpose of producing a crop of slender
adventitious twigs, suitable for basket-work. Such branches, being
altogether irregular, of course interfere with the natural symmetry of
the tree. Another cause of irregularity, in certain trees and shrubs, is
the formation of what are called

[Illustration: Fig. 77. Tartarean Honeysuckle, with three accessory buds
in each axil.]

59. =Accessory or Supernumerary Buds.= There are cases where two, three,
or more buds spring from the axil of a leaf, instead of the single one
which is ordinarily found there. Sometimes they are placed one over the
other, as in the Aristolochia or Pipe-Vine, and in the Tartarean
Honeysuckle (Fig. 77); also in the Honey-Locust, and in the Walnut and
Butternut (Fig. 78), where the upper supernumerary bud is a good way
out of the axil and above the others. And this is here stronger than the
others, and grows into a branch which is considerably out of the axil,
while the lower and smaller ones commonly do not grow at all. In other
cases three buds stand side by side in the axil, as in the Hawthorn, and
the Red Maple (Fig. 79.) If these were all to grow into b