o, Padua, 1587. Lute-maker.

TODINI, Michele, seventeenth century, a native of Saluzzo, lived for
many years at Rome. Todini was the inventor and maker of a great
number of musical contrivances, in which clockwork played an important
part. He occupied himself with this manufacture for several years, and
turned his house into a kind of musical museum. He published in 1676 a
pamphlet describing its contents. His name is associated with our
subject in having adopted a new mode of stringing the Violono, or
Double-Bass, by using four strings, and playing himself upon the
instrument at oratorio performances in Rome. I have mentioned in
Section I. that the Violono was originally used with several
strings--five, six, or seven--and with frets. Todini is therefore
credited with having introduced the method of stringing the Double
Bass which led to the conversion of the old Violonos into
Double-Basses fitted for modern requirements.

TONONI, Carlo, Bologna. At the exhibition at Milan in 1881, an inlaid
Kit, of beautiful workmanship, was exhibited of this maker.

Carolo Tunonus fecit Bononiae
in Platea Castaelionis Anno Domini 1698.

TONONI, Carlo Antonio, Venice, born at Bologna, probably a son of the
above.

Carolus Tononi Bonon fecit Venetiis
sub Titulo S. Cecilae Anno 1739.

The model varies very much; those of the flat pattern are excellent
instruments. They are large, and beautifully made. The varnish, though
inferior to that of Santo Serafino, is similar. These Violins are
branded above the tail-pin. His instruments date from about 1716.

TONONI, Giovanni, about 1700. Similar characteristics.

TONONI, Felice, Bologna.

TONONI, Guido, Bologna.

TOPPANI, Angelo de, Rome, about 1740. Scarce; workmanship resembles
that of Tecchler.

TORTOBELLO, Francesco, Rome, 16--. Maggini characteristics.

TRAPANI, Raffaele, Naples, about 1800. Large pattern; flat model;
purfling deeply laid; edges sharp; scroll heavy.

VALENZANO, Gio. Maria, Rome, 1771 to about 1830. Neapolitan character;
neat work; varnish excellent in some specimens, being soft and
transparent.

VETRINI, Battista, Brescia, about 1629. Yellow varnish of good
quality; handsome wood; rather small.

VIMERCATI, Paolo, Venice, about 1700. Similar to Tononi. Jacob Stainer
is said to have worked in the shop of Vimercati.

WENGER, Padua, Lute-maker, 1622.

ZANNETTO, Pellegrino, Brescia, 1547. M. Chouquet in his "Catalogue
Raisonne" of the ins