resorted to the State Arenas; the result was
the 'Kentucky and Virginia resolutions of '98,' the former of which was
the work of Jefferson, the latter that of Madison. As is well known
these were the foundation, years after, of Calhoun's Nullification
Views. It was a principle of Jefferson, which was never effectually
settled, until civil war had rent the nation almost in twain.

Happily peace triumphed, and in the campaign that followed, the
Republicans were successful, Mr. Jefferson becoming president--Aaron
Burr vice-president. Jefferson's ascension to the presidency caused a
complete revolution in the politics of the country. The central idea
around which the party revolved was the diffusion of power among the
people. To this idea they would bend every question indiscriminately,
whether it related to a national bank, tariff, slavery, or taxes. It
held that in the States themselves rested the original authority, that
in the government lay the power only for acts of a general character.
Jefferson, their first president, now came to Washington.

President Washington came to the capitol with servants in livery, in a
magnificent carriage drawn by four cream-colored horses, Jefferson came
on horseback, hitching his horse to a post while he delivered a fifteen
minute address. He abolished the presidential levees, and concealed his
birthday to prevent its being celebrated. He even detested the word
minister prefixed to one's name, and eschewed breeches, wearing
pantaloons. It was during his administration that Louisiana was
purchased, although, according to his own theory, he had no
constitutional right to do so, but the great benefit derived from this
purchase soon silenced all opposition.

It was during his administration that the piratical Barbary States were
cured of their insolence, and in his second term that Burr's trial
occurred. At the close of this second term he retired to private life to
become the 'Sage of Monticello.' He now turned his attention to the
establishing of the University of Virginia. He was a believer in the
free development of the human powers so far as was consistent with good
government. He subjected the constitution of the United States to a
careful scrutiny governed by this theory, and became convinced that the
doctrine of State sovereignty was right and he fought for it
persistently when called to the head of the government.

His inaugural address breathed that idea, but when Aaron Burr be