.; Sleeman,
_Rambles_, 492 ff.)

[11] This observatory was built by Raja Jai Singh of Jaipur (A.D.
1693-1743) in 1724. He also erected similar observatories at Benares,
Multan, Ujjain, and Jaipur (Fanshawe, 247).

[12] Jahangir, eldest son of the Emperor Akbar, reigned A.D. 1605-27.

[13] 'The first order that I issued was for the setting up of a Chain of
Justice, so that if the Officers of the Courts of Justice should fail
in the investigation of the complaints of the oppressed, the injured
person might come to this chain and shake it, and so give notice of
their wrongs. I ordered that the chain should be made of pure gold,
and be thirty _gaz_ [yards] long, with sixty bells upon it. The
weight of it was four Hindustani _mans_ [8 lb.] of 'Irak.
One end was firmly attached to a battlement of the fort of Agra, the
other to a stone column on the bank of the river' (_Memoirs of
Jahangir_ in Sir H.M. Elliot, _History of India_, vi. 284). It
does not appear that this silly contrivance was ever used, and it was
meant only for parade. Raja Anangpal had already set up a
similar bell at Delhi (ibid. vi. 262, iii. 565).

[14] _Dhobi_.

[15] _Jahan-panah_.

[16] Karim Khan, of the Zand tribe, defeated the Afghans and
secured the Kingdom of Fars or Southern Persia, with his capital at
Shiraz. He died at an advanced age, A.D. 1779 (Sir J. Malcolm,
_History of Persia_, 1829, ii. 58 ff.).

[17] _Allah Karim, Ap Karim, Main Karim_.

[18] _Chilam_, the clay bowl of a water-pipe: its contents.

[19] _Mazdur_, a day labourer.

LETTER XXI

Natural Productions of India.--Trees, shrubs, plants, fruits,
&c.--Their different uses and medicinal qualities.--The Rose.--Native
medical practice.--Antidote to Hydrophobia.--Remedy for the venom of
the Snake.--The Chitcherah (Inverted thorn).--The Neam-tree.--The
Hurrundh (Castor-tree).--The Umultass (Cassia-tree).--The
Myrtle.--The Pomegranate.--The Tamarind.--The Jahmun.--The
Mango.--The Sherrefah.--White and red Guavers.--The Damascus Fig.--The
Peach, and other Fruits.--The Mahdhaar (Fire-plant).--The Sirrakee and
Sainturh (Jungle-grass).--The Bamboo, and its various uses
enumerated.

In Europe we are accustomed to cultivate the rose merely as an ornament of
the garden. This is not the case with my Indian acquaintance; they
cultivate the rose as a useful article, essential to their