60.)

[21] _Sharifa, Anona squamosa_.

[22] Guava.

[23] _Bargat_, the banyan-tree.

[24] _Pyrus persica_.

[25] _Be-danah._

[26] Excellent apples are now grown on the lower Himalayas.

[27] _Prunus communis_ grows in the lower Himalayas and as far down as
Saharanpur, but the fruit is inferior.

[28] The sweet or wild cherry, _Prunus avium_, is called _gilas_ in the
Hills.

[29] _Papaiya_, the papau tree, _Carica papaya_, has the curious
property of making meat tender, if placed near it.

[30] _Madar, ak._ The latter term is derived from Sanskrit _arka_,
'the sun', on account of the fiery colour of its flowers.

[31] The plant yields a silk cotton from the seeds and a rich white bass
fibre from the bark, both likely to be of commercial value (Watt, ii.
38 ff.)

[32] Used in equal proportions with black pepper, the fresh blossoms are a
useful and cheap remedy for asthma, hysteria, and epilepsy (_ibid_. ii.
44 ff).

[33] _Sirki_ is the upper portion of the blossoming stem, and
_sentha_ the lower portion of the reed grass _Saccharum ciliare_
(_ibid_. vi, part ii, 2.)

[34] _Sarkanda_ is the Panjab name for the grass _Saccharum
arundinaceum_, but it is also applied to _Saccharum ciliare_ in last
note (_ibid_. vi, part ii, 1 f.).

[35] _Khaskhas_, used for screens, is the root of the grass _Andropogon
muricatus_ (_ibid_. i, 245 ff.)

[36] _Chhappar_.

[37] This is true of the higher class Musalmans; but there were
splendid gardens in the palaces of the Moghul Emperors: see C.M.
Villiers Stuart, _The Gardens of the Great Mughals_, 1913.

[38] The subject of the flowering of the bamboo has been investigated by
Sir G. Watt, who writes: 'A bamboo may not flower before it has
attained a certain age, but its blossoming is not fixed so arbitrarily
that it cannot be retarded or accelerated by climatic influences. It
is an undoubted fact that the flowering of the bamboo is decided by
causes which bring about famine, for the providential supply of food
from this source has saved the lives of thousands of persons during
several of the great famines of India.' Hence the provision of the
edible seeds by the extension of bamboo cultivation has been
recommended as a means of mitigating distress (_Economic Dictionary_,
vol. i, 373 ff., 386).

[39] _Tabashir_, bamboo manna, is a siliceous substance found in the