art the whole matter. The pupil
is excused with a sort of hearsay knowledge, but the teacher must
have a vital experience of what he teaches. Especially must he be
able to comprehend and to represent a subject as a whole. He is
responsible for the student's being able in turn to co-ordinate
facts and theories so as to produce unity; and it is therefore
essential that he himself have power to hold and to make clear a
continuous train of thought.

The teacher, moreover, must have over his mind discipline so firm
that he is not dependent upon moods. He must cover the wide
difference between the train of thought which springs spontaneously
in the mind and that which is laboriously worked out as a logical
sequence of ideas relating to a subject forced upon the attention.
The pupil may, to a certain extent, indulge the vagaries of his
inclination, but the teacher must respond to the need of the
moment. He must have trained his mind to give an intelligent
judgment upon any matter presented to it. He is not equipped for
instructing--nor is any individual ready for life--until he can
command the resources of his inner self to the utmost. The trained
person is one who can take a subject which may not at the outset
especially appeal to him, which is full of complications, which is
not in itself, perhaps, attractive, and can insist with himself
that his mind shall master it thoroughly. He is able so to expend
his whole mental strength, if need be, upon any necessary topic
that the subject shall be examined, acquired, assimilated, and then
shall be so organized, so illumined, and so presented that others
shall be instructed. The mind of the teacher, in a word, is so
disciplined that it will work when it is ordered.

The ideal state of mind for him who wishes to communicate knowledge
is that of being absolute master of all its resources. Many who
possess no inconsiderable powers of thought are practically unable
to command the best powers of their intelligence. They depend upon
the whim of the moment, upon some outward pressure or inward
impulse, to arouse their intellect. They fail to reflect that while
any ordinary intellect naturally forms some opinion upon any
subject which interests it, only the trained mind is able to judge
clearly and lucidly of an