treal, of preserved
fragments of maize, viz., by its having been scorched. The pieces of
bark seem to have been hardened by scorching.

4. _Earth_. The main earth of the mound is plainly the same as that of
the soil surrounding it. By what means the earth was piled up, is a
question for speculation. It seems a matter of small moment. Possibly
that the earth was carried in baskets, or vessels of considerable size
is sufficient to account for it. My theory is that the mound was not
erected by a vast company of busy workers as were the pyramids, but
that it was begun at first for purposes of observation, that as
interments were from time to time made in it sufficient earth was
carried up to effect the purpose, until in centuries the enormous
aggregate of earth was formed. Among the earth of the mound are also
found in spots, quantities of red and yellow ochre. The fact that the
skulls and bones seem often to have a reddish tinge, goes to show that
the ochre was used for the purpose of ornamentation. Sometimes a skull
is drawn out of the firm cast made by it in the earth, and the cast is
seen to be reddened by the ochre which was probably smeared over the
face of the slain warrior. The ochre is entirely foreign to the earth
of which the mound is made, but being earthy remains long after even
pottery has gone to decay.

5. _Ore_. Lying near this skull as if they had been placed in the
hands of the corpse were two pieces of metallic ore, one of which is
before you. A fresh section of it shows it to be Arsenical Iron
Pyrites, each piece weighing four or five ounces. No doubt the shining
ore and its heavy weight attracted notice, although it is of no
commercial value. The probabilities are that this ore was regarded as
sacred, and possibly having been considered valuable was placed beside
the corpse as the ancient obolus was laid beside the departed Greek to
pay his fare to crusty Charon.

[Illustration: FIGURE 1. MOUND BUILDERS' IMPLEMENTS.]

MANUFACTURED ARTICLES.

1. _Stone Implements_. The stone articles found, no doubt form a very
small proportion of the implements used by the lost race. I am able to
show you three classes of implements.

(_a_.) _Scrapers_. (See C. Figure 1.) These were made after the same
manner and from the same material as the flint arrow heads, found so
commonly all over this continent. They are usually of an oval or
elongated diamond shape, of various thicknesses, but thin at the
edges. Their