masculine ideal which embodies the qualities of courage,
aggressiveness, and other traditional male characteristics. From her
psychoanalytic practice, Dr Hinkle concludes that men and women do not
in reality conform to these arbitrarily fixed types by native biological
endowment, but that they try to shape their reactions in harmony with
these socially approved standards in spite of their innate tendencies to
variation.[4]

The same conclusion might be arrived at theoretically on the grounds of
the recent biological evidence of intersexuality discussed in Part I,
which implies that there are no absolute degrees of maleness and
femaleness. If there are no 100% males and females, it is obvious that
no men and women will entirely conform to ideals of masculine and
feminine perfection.

In addition to the imposition of these arbitrary standards of
masculinity and femininity, society has forced upon its members
conformity to a uniform and institutionalized type of sexual
relationship. This institutionalized and inflexible type of sexual
activity, which is the only expression of the sexual emotion meeting
with social approval, not only makes no allowance for biological
variations, but takes even less into account the vastly complex and
exceedingly different conditionings of the emotional reactions of the
individual sex life. The resulting conflict between the individual
desires and the standards imposed by society has caused a great deal of
disharmony in the psychic life of its members. The increasing number of
divorces and the modern tendency to celibacy are symptomatic of the
cumulative effect of this fundamental psychic conflict.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR CHAPTER I

1. Burnham, W.H. Mental Hygiene and the Conditioned Reflex. Ped. Sem.
Vol. XXIV, Dec, 1917, pp. 449-488.

2. Evans, Elida. The Problem of the Nervous Child. Kegan Paul & Co.,
London, 1920.

3. Finck, H.T. Romantic Love and Personal Beauty. Macmillan, N.Y., 1891.

4. Hinkle, Beatrice M. On the Arbitrary Use of the Terms "Masculine" and
"Feminine." Psychoanalyt. Rev. Vol. VII, No. 1, Jan., 1920, pp. 15-30.

5. Kempf, E.J. The Tonus of the Autonomic Segments as Causes of
Abnormal Behaviour. Jour. Nerv. & Ment. Disease, Jan., 1920, pp. 1-34.

6. Krafft-Ebing, R. Psychopathia Sexualis. Fuchs, Stuttgart, 1907.

7. Pavlov, J.P. L'excitation Psychique des Glandes Salivaires. Jour de
Psychologie, 1910, No. 2, pp. 97-114.

8. Watson, J.B. Psychology from the St