," he continues (p. 114), "such as that of Kirkdale, the hyaena
preyed upon the reindeer at one time of the year, and the hippopotamus
at another."

A similar mingling of northern and southern faunas has also been
observed in France. Mr. Falsan tells us (p. 236), that the remains of
the mammals gathered and determined by Lartet and Gaudry belong partly
to species which have been wrongly regarded as indications of a severe
climate, and partly to such as are accustomed to a relatively mild
temperature. In several localities in France, viz., at Levallois, St.
Acheul, and Arcy, the remains of the Hippopotamus have occurred together
with those of the Reindeer; whilst, according to Sir H. Howorth, the
Lion has been found together with northern Voles at Bicetre, near Paris.
It is stated by the same authority (p. 115) that much the same
conditions exist in Germany. "The lion and the spotted hyaena, the
mammoth and rhinoceros, were found with the marmot, the suslik, the
lemming, the pica, and the reindeer." At another locality near Thiede,
remains of the Mammoth, woolly Rhinoceros, Horse, Ox, Reindeer, Arctic
Fox, Lemming, and Pica are met with in the same deposit. In quoting the
presence of these northern animals in Europe as evidence of an arctic
climate, we commit a fatal mistake. Indeed, breeders of animals and
those acquainted with zoological gardens know perfectly well that it is
much easier to keep a northern species in a southern climate, than a
southern species in a northern one. If in a Central European deposit
occur a mixture of northern and southern forms of animals, the presence
of the latter is more remarkable than that of the former. Logically, we
should look upon the occurrence of southern species in the north,
therefore, as supporting the view that a mild climate had induced them
to travel northward. The only indication, indeed, of the presence of a
Monkey in the British Isles in former times comes to us from the very
same strata which have also yielded the remains of the Siberian mammals.

Before I conclude the consideration of the pleistocene fauna, it may be
of interest to hear what Mr. Lydekker, one of our highest authorities on
fossil mammals, has to say on this subject. "The most remarkable feature
connected with this fauna is the apparently contradictory evidence which
it affords as to the nature of the climate then prevalent. The Glutton,
Reindeer, Arctic Fox, and Musk-Ox are strongly indicative of a mor