th taking away. They instead gave us gifts, because they
were ashamed to offer violence to such poor fellows as we" (Sauer,
p. 213). ]

[Footnote 339: Otto von Kotzebue, _Entdeckungs-Reise in die Sud-See
und nach der Behrings Strasse_, Weimar, 1821 (Part III.,
Contributions in Natural History, by Adelbert von Chamisso)--Louis
Choris, _Voyage pittoresque autour du monde_, Paris, 1822.

Frederik Luetke, _Voyage autour du monde_, Paris, 1835-36.--F.H. von
Kittlitz, _Denkuuerdigkeiten einer Reise nach dem russischen Amerika,
nach Mikronesien und durch Kamtschatka_, Gotha, 1858.

Kellet, _Voyage of H.M.S. "Herald,"_ 1845-51, London, 1853
(Discovery of Herald Island and the east coast of Wrangel Land).

W.H. Hooper, _Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski_, London, 1853
(Moore's wintering at Chukotskoj-nos).

John Rodgers, Behring's Sea and Arctic Ocean, from Surveys of the
North Pacific Surveying Expedition, 1855 (only charts).--W. Heine,
_Die Expedition in die Seen von China, Japan und Ochotsk, unter
Commando von Commodore Colin Ringgold und Commodore John Rodgers_,
Leipzig, 1858 (the expedition arrived at the result that Wrangel
Land did not exist).

(Lindemann) _Wrangels Land im Jahre_ 1866, _durch Kapiten Dallmann
besucht (Deutsche Geograph. Blaetter_, B. iv. p. 54, 1881).

Petermann, _Entdeckung eines neuen Polar-Landes durch den amerikan,
Capt Long_, 1867 (Mittheil. 1868, p. 1).--_Das neu-entdeckte
Polar-Land_, &c. (Mittheil 1869, p. 26). ]

[Footnote 340: It ought to be remembered that the voyage of the
distinguished Arctic explorer, McClure, carried out with so much
gallantry and admirable perseverance, from the Pacific to the
Atlantic along the north coast of America, took place to no
inconsiderable extent _by sled journeys over the ice_, and that no
English vessel has ever sailed by this route from the one sea to the
other. The North-west Passage has thus never been accomplished by a
vessel. ]

[Footnote 341: Amoretti, _Viaggio del mare Atlantico al Pasifico per
la via del Nord-Ovest, &c. Fatto del capitano Lorenzo Ferrer
Maldonado, l'anno MDLXXXVIII_. Milano, 1811. ]

[Footnote 342: At the date of Maldonado's voyage Spain and Portugal
were united. ]

[Footnote 343: The narratives of the Russian voyagers in the Polar
Seas bear a quite different stamp. Details are seldom wanting in
these, and they correspond with known facts, and the discoveries
made are of reasonably modest dimensions. I therefore c