The passage is, between the mangers, 3 feet wide, to receive
the hay from the trap doors in the floor above.

[Illustration: UNDER-GROUND PLAN AND YARD.]

The most economical plan, for room in tying cattle in their stalls, is
to fasten the rope, or chain, whichever is used, (the wooden stanchion,
or _stanchel_, as it is called, to open and shut, enclosing the animal
by the neck, we do not like,) into a ring, which is secured by a strong
staple into the post which sustains the partition, just at the top of
the manger, on each side of the stall. This prevents the cattle in the
same stall from interfering with each other, while the partition
effectually prevents any contact from the animals on each side of it, in
the separate stalls. The bottom of the mangers, for grown cattle, should
be a foot above the floor, and the top two and a half feet, which makes
it deep enough to hold their food; and the whole, both sides and bottom,
should be made of two-inch, sound, strong plank, that they may not be
broken down. The back sides of the stalls, next the feeding alleys,
should be full 3-1/2 feet high; and if the cattle are large, and
disposed to climb into their mangers with their fore-feet, as they
sometimes do, a pole, of 2-1/2 or 3 inches in diameter, should be
secured across the front of the stall, next the cattle, and over the
mangers--say 4-1/2 feet above the floor, to keep them out of the manger,
and still give them sufficient room for putting their heads between that
and the top of the manger, to get their food. Cattle thus secured in
double stalls, take up less room, and lie much warmer, than when in
single stalls; besides, the expense of fitting them up being much
less--an experience of many years has convinced us on this point. The
doors for the passage of the cattle in and out of the stables, should be
five feet wide, that they may have plenty of room.

In front of these stables, on the outside, is a line of posts, the feet
of which rest on large flat stones, and support the outer sill of the
barn, and form a recess, before named, of 12 feet in width, under which
may be placed a line of racks, or mangers for outside cattle, to consume
the orts, or leavings of hay rejected by the in-door stock; or, the
manure may be housed under it, which is removed from the stables by
wheel-barrows. The low line of sheds which extend from the barn on each
side of the yard, may be used for the carts, and wagons of the place;
or, ra