arth, instead of partly on
brick-rubbish. In agreement with this conclusion, the raised
surrounding border of turf was only 1 inch high in some parts, and
2 inches in other parts. There were no colonies of ants beneath this
stone, and on digging a hole where it had lain, several burrows and
worms were found.

At Stonehenge, some of the outer Druidical stones are now prostrate,
having fallen at a remote but unknown period; and these have become
buried to a moderate depth in the ground. They are surrounded by
sloping borders of turf, on which recent castings were seen. Close to
one of these fallen stones, which was 17 feet long, 6 feet broad, and
281/2 inches thick, a hole was dug; and here the vegetable mould was at
least 91/2 inches in thickness. At this depth a flint was found, and a
little higher up on one side of the hole a fragment of glass. The base
of the stone lay about 91/2 inches beneath the level of the surrounding
ground, and its upper surface 19 inches above the ground.

A hole was also dug close to a second huge stone, which in falling had
broken into two pieces; and this must have happened long ago, judging
from the weathered aspect of the fractured ends. The base was buried
to a depth of 10 inches, as was ascertained by driving an iron skewer
horizontally into the ground beneath it. The vegetable mould forming
the turf-covered sloping border round the stone, on which many
castings had recently been ejected, was 10 inches in thickness; and
most of this mould must have been brought up by worms from beneath its
base. At a distance of 8 yards from the stone, the mould was only
51/2 inches in thickness (with a piece of tobacco pipe at a depth of
4 inches), and this rested on broken flint and chalk which could not
have easily yielded to the pressure or weight of the stone.

A straight rod was fixed horizontally (by the aid of a spirit-level)
across a third fallen stone, which was 7 feet 9 inches long; and the
contour of the projecting parts and of the adjoining ground, which was
not quite level, was thus ascertained, as shown in the accompanying
diagram (Fig. 3) on a scale of 1/2 inch to a foot. The turf-covered
border sloped up to the stone on one side to a height of 4 inches, and
on the opposite side to only 21/2 inches above the general level. A hole
was dug on the eastern side, and the base of the stone was here found
to lie at a depth of 4 inches beneath the general level of the
ground, and of 8 inches