its of dry stick. That the
caterpillars of these species were originally green, we may infer from
the fact that some of them at least are still of that color when first
born.

Then there are the spotted or eyed cats, such as the leopard, which
live among trees; and their peculiar coloring renders them less
conspicuous by simulating spots of light which penetrate through
foliage. So also many caterpillars are marked with spots, eyes, or
patches of color. Lastly, there are the jungle cats, of which the
tiger is the typical species, and which have stripes, rendering them
very difficult to see among the brown grass which they frequent. It
may, perhaps, be said that this comparison fails, because the stripes
of tigers are perpendicular, while those of caterpillars are either
longitudinal or oblique. This, however, so far from constituting a
real difference, confirms the explanation; because in each case the
direction of the lines follows that of the foliage. The tiger, walking
horizontally on the ground, has transverse bars; the caterpillar,
clinging to the grass in a vertical position, has longitudinal lines;
while those which live on large-veined leaves have oblique lines, like
the oblique ribs of the leaves.

Red and blue are rare colors among caterpillars. Omitting minute dots,
we have six species more or less marked with red or orange. Of these,
two are spiny, two hairy, and one protected by scent-emitting
tentacles. The orange medio-dorsal line of the Bedford Butterfly is
not very conspicuous, and has been omitted in some descriptions. Blue
is even rarer than red; in fact, none of our butterfly larvae can be
said to exhibit this color.

Now let us turn to the moths. I have taken all the larger species,
amounting to rather more than one hundred and twenty; out of which
sixty-eight are hairy or downy; and of these forty-eight are marked
with black or gray, fifteen brown or brownish, two yellowish-green,
one bluish-gray, one striped with yellow and black, and one
reddish-gray. There are two yellowish-green hairy species, which
might be regarded as exceptions: one, that of the Five-spotted
Burnet-moth, is marked with black and yellow, and the other is
variable in color, some specimens of this caterpillar being orange.
This last species is also marked with black, so that neither of these
species can be considered of the green color which serves as a
protection. Thus, among the larger caterpillars, there is not a single