It was now necessary to constitute a second army, and on October 9 the
immediate command of the First Army was turned over to Lieutenant
General Hunter Liggett. The command of the Second Army, whose divisions
occupied a sector in the Woevre, was given to Lieutenant General Robert
L. Bullard, who had been commander of the First Division and then of the
Third Corps. Major General Dickman was transferred to the command of the
First Corps, while the Fifth Corps was placed under Major General
Charles P. Summerall, who had recently commanded the First Division.
Major General John L. Hines, who had gone rapidly up from regimental to
division commander, was assigned to the Third Corps. These four officers
had been in France from the early days of the expedition and had learned
their lessons in the school of practical warfare.

[Sidenote: The Kriemhilde line is penetrated.]

Our constant pressure against the enemy brought day by day more
prisoners, mostly survivors from machine-gun nests captured in fighting
at close quarters. On October 18 there was very fierce fighting in the
Caures Woods east of the Meuse and in the Ormont Woods. On the 14th the
First Corps took St. Juvin, and the Fifth Corps, in hand-to-hand
encounters, entered the formidable Kriemhilde line, where the enemy had
hoped to check us indefinitely. Later the Fifth Corps penetrated further
the Kriemhilde line, and the First Corps took Champigneulles and the
important town of Grandpre. Our dogged offensive was wearing down the
enemy, who continued desperately to throw his best troops against us,
thus weakening his line in front of our Allies and making their advance
less difficult.

[Sidenote: Thirty-seventh and Ninety-first in Belgium.]

Meanwhile we were not only able to continue the battle, but our
Thirty-seventh and Ninety-first Divisions were hastily withdrawn from
our front and dispatched to help the French Army in Belgium. Detraining
in the neighborhood of Ypres, these Divisions advanced by rapid stages
to the fighting line and were assigned to adjacent French corps. On
October 31, in continuation of the Flanders offensive, they attacked and
methodically broke down all enemy resistance. On November 3 the
Thirty-seventh had completed its mission in dividing the enemy across
the Escaut River and firmly established itself along the east bank
included in the division zone of action. By a clever flanking movement
troops of the Ninety-first Division captured