harm does alcohol do in the lungs?--"It fills the lungs with impure
blood."

What harm does it do to the air-cells?--"It hardens the walls of the
air-cells of the lungs."

What harm is done by the hardening of these air-cells?--"1. The lungs
cannot take in enough of the gas called oxygen to purify the blood
perfectly. 2. The gases or vapors in the lungs cannot pass freely through
the hardened air-cells."

What happens from this?--"The lungs become diseased."

From what disease do some hard drinkers suffer?--"Alcoholic consumption,
for which there is no cure." See Appendices on Alcohol and Tobacco.

* * * * *

[Illustration: THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.]

1. The upper jaw.
2. The lower jaw.
3. The tongue.
4. The roof of the mouth.
5. The food-pipe.
6. The windpipe.
7, 8. Where the saliva is made.
9. The stomach.
10. The liver.
11. Where the bile is made.
12. The duct through which the bile passes to the small intestine.
13. The upper part of the small intestine.
14. Where the pancreatic juice is made.
15. The small intestine.
16. The opening of the small into the large intestine.
17-20. The large intestine.
21. The spleen.
22. The spinal column.

* * * * *

PART X.

FORMULA FOR THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS AND DIGESTION.

1. When my food is chewed, it is rolled by my tongue into the oesophagus,
or food-pipe, which is back of my windpipe, and leads from my mouth down
along the side of my spine, to the left and upper end of my stomach.

2. My stomach is an oblong, soft, and fleshy bag, extending from my left to
my right side, below my lungs and heart.

3. It is composed of three coats or membranes, and resembles tripe.

4. The _outer coat_ is smooth, thick, and tough. It supports and
strengthens the stomach.

5. The _middle coat_ is fibrous. Its fibres have the power of contracting,
sometimes pressing upon the food, and sometimes pushing it along toward the
opening which leads out of the stomach.

6. The _inner coat_ is soft, thick, spongy, and wrinkled. It prepares a
slimy substance and a fluid. The slimy substance prevents the stomach from
being irritated by the food. The fluid dissolves the food.

7. Food passes through several changes after it enters the mouth.

8. It is changed into pulp in the _mouth_, by the action of the teeth and
the saliva. This is called _mastication_. It is changed in the _stomach_,